摘要
本文依据国内两项耳塞式护听器使用者现场调查的发现,就受访企业的听力保护实践和实现有效的个人防护的可行措施进行探讨。结果显示,护听器实验室标称值不能反映员工所取得的个人声衰减值(PAR),标称值的相对高低与PAR的相对高低关联性很差;未正确选择和佩戴护听器是导致受访员工基线PAR呈现巨大个体差异并低于防护需求值和标称值的主要原因。护听器的选择需要考虑多个重要因素。在实践中好的做法是,提供多种不同类型的护听器供员工选择,并落实到个体的培训和防护效果验证,并重复进行以巩固其效果。个体适合性检验着眼于现场和个体,结合一对一培训,可以甄别出需要干预的员工,及时提供个性化的干预。个体适合性检验促进与员工的交流,提升员工使用护听器的主观能动性,是解决噪声现场个人防护问题的有效措施。企业对听力保护工作的重视、对听力保护计划的落实并持续改进,是实现有效防护的重要保障。
In this paper,based on the findings of two field studies on earplugs users in China,the hearing conservation practices of the visited companies,and the possible solutions for effective personal protection were discussed.The results revealed that,the laboratory rating values of hearing protection devices(HPDs)did not provide good indication for their personal attenuation rating(PAR),and the relative ranking of ratings was not relevant to the relative ranking of PARs as well.Improper selection and fitting of HPDs were the major causes of the low PAR baselines and high variabilities.When selecting HPDs,many important factors needed to be considered,good practices include providing multiple choices of HPDs for employees’choices were important,implementing individual training and protection validation to ensure sufficient protection,and repeating training and test to enhance effectiveness.The one-one-one training along with fit testing focuses on practical situations and individuals,can help to identify the individuals who needed intervention and provide tailored intervention accordingly.This practice enhances the communication with employees,improve the motivation of using HPDs.It is a useful tool to resolve the concerns on HPDs field protection.Employers’attention on hearing conservation,the establishment and implementation of hearing conservation policy and follow-up actions were important for effective personal protection.
作者
刘玉飞
龚伟
李玲
Liu Yufei;Gong Wei;Li Ling(3M China Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai,200233;Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangsu Nanjing,210009)
出处
《中国个体防护装备》
2020年第5期29-35,共7页
China Personal Protective Equipment
基金
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20151594)
关键词
护听器
耳塞
个体适合性检验
培训
hearing protection devices(HPDs)
earplugs
individualfit testing
training
