摘要
实体法上存在按份共有人优先购买权、承租人优先购买权、有限责任公司股东优先购买权、合伙人优先购买权等。同种类优先购买权竞存时,其法律地位平等,处于同一顺位;不同种类优先购买权竞存时,其法律地位不平等,处于不同顺位。《民法典》第726条规定了按份共有人优先购买权与承租人优先购买权,这两种优先购买权处于不同的顺位,前者优于后者。优先购买权是实体法上的法定权利,强制执行法应当根据实体法规定确定优先购买权的行使规则。在强制拍卖中,对于按份共有人的个人债务,只能执行按份共有人的共有份额;对于共同共有人的个人债务,只能执行经分割后的被执行人分得的份额。对于顺位不同的优先购买权,权利人应按实体法上规定的权利顺位行使权利;对于顺位相同的优先购买权,权利人应采取跟价法,按比例购买法行使。
In substantive law,there are preemptive rights of co-owners by shares,preemptive rights of lessees,preemptive rights of shareholders of limited liability companies,preemptive rights of partners,etc.When the preemptive rights of the same kind exist competitively,their legal status is equal and they are in the same order;when different kinds of preemptive rights exist competitively,their legal status are not equal and they are in different order.Article 726 of the Civil Code stipulates the right of preemption of the co-owner by shares and the right of preemption of the lessee,which are in different order,and the former is superior to the latter.The right of preemption is a legal right in the substantive law,and the enforcement law should determine the exercise rules of the right of preemption according to substantive law.In a compulsory auction,for the personal debts of the co-owners in shares,only the joint shares of the co-owners in shares can be enforced.With respect to the personal debts of the joint owners,only the share of the person subjected to enforcement after the split can be enforced.For the preemptive rights with different priority,the obligee shall exercise the rights according to the priority of rights stipulated in the substantive law;for the preemptive right with the same order,the obligee shall adopt the price matching method and the proportional purchase method.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第3期68-80,共13页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“民法典与民事诉讼法的协同实施研究”(22&ZD206)的阶段性成果
关键词
优先购买权
权利顺位
强制拍卖
强制执行法
跟价法
the Right of Preemption
Order of Rights
Compulsory Auction
Enforcement Law
Price Matching Method
