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论胎儿立法的自然人权益预先保护

On the Pre Protection of Natural Person Rights and Interests in Fetal Legislation
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摘要 法律只调整参与社会关系的主体,胎儿不是法律规范的对象。胎儿具有发育成自然人的现实可能性,保护胎儿利益最终是为了保护胎儿出生后的自然人权益,因此胎儿立法保护只是自然人权益的一种预先保护机制。立法保护的胎儿利益最终由出生后的自然人取得,保护胎儿利益并不需要胎儿实际享有权利。不是所有的自然人权益都需要提前保护,胎儿纯获利性、需要预留的财产利益以及需要与母体分开单独保护的健康利益,应受法律保护。胎儿与无民事行为能力人存在根本性的不同,胎儿父母不是胎儿的代理人,胎儿父母基于出生后自然人的法定代理人身份,提前介入出生后自然人权益的实现过程。 The law only regulates the subjects involved in social relations,and the fetus is not the object of legal norms.Fetuses have a realistic possibility of developing into natural persons.Protecting the interests of fetuses ultimately aims to protect the rights and interests of natural persons after birth.Therefore,legislative protection of fetuses is only a pre protection mechanism for the rights and interests of natural persons.The interests of the fetus protected by legislation are ultimately obtained by natural persons after birth,and protecting the interests of the fetus does not require the actual enjoyment of rights by the fetus.Not all natural person rights and interests need to be protected in advance.The pure profitability of the fetus,the property interests that need to be reserved,and the health interests that need to be separately protected from the mother's body should be protected by law.There is a fundamental difference between a fetus and a person without civil capacity.The parents of the fetus are not the agents of the fetus.Based on their legal representative status as natural persons after birth,the parents of the fetus intervene in the process of realizing the rights and interests of natural persons after birth in advance.
作者 张安毅 Zhang Anyi(School of Civil and Commercial Economics and Law,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou Henan 450000)
出处 《政法论丛》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第3期114-123,共10页 Journal of Political Science and Law
基金 2022年度河南省哲学社会科学规划项目《国家亲权融入少年司法制度研究》(编号2022CFX034)阶段性成果
关键词 胎儿 自然人 权利能力 立法 fetus natural persons power capacity legislation
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