摘要
宫颈癌是女性群体的高发疾病之一,其发病率位居乳腺癌之后,是威胁女性健康的重大疾病。有数据显示,该病每年的新发病例约为47万人,且在发展中国家的发病率约占80%。在我国每年约有10万人次女性患宫颈癌。为改善患者的预后,临床认为,应尽早诊断并治疗宫颈癌。其常规诊断方法为巴氏涂片,可筛查出早期癌变,进而指导治疗。但其取材或制片等过程中存在较多问题,假阴性几率较高。基于此,相关学者研发出薄层细胞学检查技术(TCT),具有较高的敏感性与特异性,且能够重复操作。肉眼观察(VIA)筛查该病的准确性较高,被大部分患者所接受,但其敏感性相对较低,可广泛用于发展中国家或经济较落后的部分地区。现阶段,人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测与分子标志物等成为该病的新型筛查方法,其检出率与安全性高。本研究将全面阐述该病的常见筛查方法,以指导疾病筛查实践。
Cervical cancer is one of the most common diseases among women,the incidence of cervical cancer ranks behind that of breast cancer,it is a major disease threatening women’s health.Data show that about 470,000 new cases occur each year,and the incidence rate in developing countries accounts for about80%.In China,about 100,000 women suffer from cervical cancer every year.In order to improve the prognosis of the patients,it is clinically believed that cervical cancer should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.The routine diagnostic method is Papanicolaou smear,which can screen out early canceration and guide treatment.However,there are many problems in the process of taking materials or making films,and the false negative rate is higher.Based on this,thin-cytologic test(TCT)has been developed by relevant scholars,which has high sensitivity,specificity and repeatability.Visual inspection with acetic acid(VIA)screening of the disease has a high accuracy and is accepted by most patients,but its sensitivity is relatively low.It can be widely used in developing countries or parts of the economically backward areas.At present,human papillomavirus(HPV)detection and molecular markers have become a new screening method for cervical cancer,with high detection rate and safety.In this study,we will elaborate the common screening methods in order to guide disease screening practice.
作者
陈珅
CHEN Shen(Maternal and Child Health Care Department,Dongxinjie Community Health Service Center of Hedong District,Tianjin 300162,China)
出处
《中国城乡企业卫生》
2020年第2期46-48,共3页
Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene
