摘要
垃圾分类政策实施后厨余垃圾的分出量与日俱增,现有资源化处理利用设施面临巨大挑战.好氧堆肥技术的处理规模灵活、设施可调整、工艺适配性高,具有厨余垃圾就地资源化利用的应用潜力,深入剖析厨余垃圾好氧堆肥存在的问题和解决措施对未来实现其“高效、高品质、低污染”资源化利用具有重要意义.系统综述好氧堆肥处理厨余垃圾的基本原理和面临的关键性问题,深入剖析添加微生物菌剂和调节环境参数(自由空域、含水率、颗粒粒径、通风量等)两类方法的优缺点和改进方向.总结得出两类方法都是通过提高功能性微生物的活性来加快发酵速率并实现污染气体的减排,而利用土著功能性微生物能够避免菌剂添加失灵、种群间竞争等问题,并指出环境参数调节应重点关注物料比表面积和孔隙度的平衡,提高氧气的利用率以增强功能性微生物的活性,进而获取最佳的厨余垃圾好氧堆肥工艺参数,为反应器的设计以及现有工程的改造升级提供参数支撑.未来厨余垃圾好氧堆肥技术的工艺优化应是多方面的有机结合,通过多学科交叉和高效技术结合实现对功能性微生物的改造,构建智能化、数字化的厨余垃圾好氧堆肥过程,降低处理成本.(图4表1参81)
The implementation of a garbage-sorting policy resulted in an explosion of food waste in the community,which made the existing facilities for treating waste face great challenges.Aerobic composting technology has the advantages of a flexible treatment scale,adjustable facilities,and high process adaptability and has the potential for local resource utilization of food waste.In-depth analysis of the existing problems and solutions to food waste composting is of great significance for realizing“high efficiency,high quality,and low pollution”in the future.In this study,the basic principles and key problems of aerobic composting of food waste were systematically reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages and improvement directions of adding microbial agents and regulating environmental parameters(free airspace,water content,particle size,and ventilation volume)were analyzed.Both methods accelerated the fermentation rate and reduced gas pollution by improving the activity of functional microorganisms.The use of indigenous functional microorganisms can avoid the problems of microbial additive failure and inter-population competition.Environmental parameter adjustment should focus on the balance of the specific surface area and porosity of materials,to improve the utilization rate of oxygen to enhance the activity of functional microorganisms.Based on these technologies,the best process parameters for food waste composting can be obtained to support the design of reactors and upgrade existing projects.In summary,future process optimization of food waste composting should be a combination of several aspects.The transformation of functional microorganisms may be realized through a combination of high-efficiency technology and multi-disciplinary crossing to build intelligent and digital aerobic composting processes for food waste and reduce processing costs.
作者
乔如陆
王凌霄
孙玉鑫
李国学
常瑞雪
李季
李彦明
QIAO Rulu;WANG Linxiao;SUN Yuxin;LI Guoxue;CHANG Ruixue;LI Ji;LI Yanming(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Organic Recycling Research Institute(Suzhou)of China Agricultural University,Suzhou 215100,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期821-828,共8页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
北京市设施蔬菜创新团队项目(BAIC01-2023)
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1901002)
中国农业大学教授工作站2021050项目(202105510310477)资助
关键词
好氧堆肥
厨余垃圾
微生物菌剂
环境参数
工艺优化
aerobic composting
food waste
microorganism inoculant
environmental parameter
process optimization
