摘要
在汉语词汇史研究中,词的历时替换问题受到的关注较多,而像"游""浮""漂"等水中运动动词在汉语史上几乎都是概念域的主要成员,并没有明显的历时替换。对于这类没有明显替换关系的概念域,该如何来观察它的变化,以往的研究还不太多。本文从词汇类型学的视角,对汉语水中运动动词的历史演变做了详尽考察,得出的主要结论有:1)水中运动动词在汉语史上出现的多种词化模式,在跨语言中也能找到相对应的情况;2)水中运动动词在概念空间上覆盖范围的变化,反映出框架关联的先后顺序,从而可以预测词义发展的方向;3)通过水中运动动词的个案研究,本文认为词汇的历史演变大致包含三种类型的变化:基本框架词化模式的改变、词在概念空间上覆盖范围的变化和词的历时替换。其中前两种变化直接影响概念域的结构组织,属于"质"变。
In the study of Chinese lexical history,the problem of word replacement has received much attention.It is worth noting that while many aqua-motion verbs such as you(游),fu(浮),piao(漂) are major component members of the concept domain in the history of Chinese language,no salient diachronic replacement has been observed regarding their development.For concept domains that show no salient replacement relationship,studies about how to observe historical changes are rather scanty.From the perspective of lexical typology,this paper undertakes a detailed examination of the historical evolution of Chinese aqua-motion verbs.The main conclusions achived are as follows:1) With regard to the multiple patterns of lexicalization as shown in the development of aqua-motion verbs in the history of the Chinese language,parallel situations can be observed cross-linguistically;2) The change of the coverage of aqua-motion verbs in the conceptual space reflects the sequencing of the framework’s association,by which the developmental direction of lexical meanings can be predicted;3) Through the case study of aqua-motion verbs,the present paper argues that the historical evolution of vocabulary can be divided into three types of changes:the change of the basic framework in lexicalization patterns,the change of the word coverage in the conceptual space,and the diachronic replacement of words.The first two changes directly affect the structural organization of the concept domain,thus they cause a"qualitative" change.
出处
《语言学论丛》
2019年第1期24-57,共34页
Essays on Linguistics
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“汉语词汇通史”(14ZDB093)
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“汉语基本词汇历时演变研究”(16JJD740015)
关键词
词汇类型学
水中运动动词
概念域
历史演变
汉语词汇史
Lexical Typology
verbs of aqua-motion
conceptual domain
diachronic change
history of Chinese lexicon
