摘要
以往的研究大都将"简直了"作为有实在语义、能够充当一定句法成分的新兴结构来分析,并没有注意到它已经发展出话语标记的功能,具有话语标记性质。"简直了"目前在分布上并没有强制性要求,可以位于句首、句中和句尾;其语义上不具有真值性,其功能主要表示说话人对所述事件、行为或情状的评价,往往表达说话人极度惊讶或不可思议的情感或态度,具体来说可以是出乎意料、无法忍受、极度赞美以及对极量的惊叹等。"简直了"由表极量程度的"简直VP了"中VP的省略以及"简直"和"了"的组块化逐渐形成。它并不是由句首或句尾成分演变而来,而是中间成分的省略,这也是汉语话语标记的一种新的类型。同时,用语经济和主观惊讶情感表达的需求也是促使其形成的语用动因。
Most studies on jianzhi-le regard it as a new structure with conceptual meaning, serving as a syntactic component. But they failed to notice that jianzhi-le has developed characteristics of a discourse marker and functioned as such. Syntactically, there is no constraint on its occurrence, and it can occur at the initial, middle, or final position in a sentence. Jianzhi-le does not contribute truth value meaning;it mainly expresses the speaker’s subjective evaluation of an event, an action or a scenario, at which he or she is extremely surprised. More specifically, the use of jianzhi-le shows the unexpectedness, intolerability, high value, or extremity of the event to the speaker. In terms of its origin, jianzhi-le is the result of development from "jianzhi VP le"(meaning "simply VP") with the VP omission. In other words, it does not evolve from a component at the beginning or the end of a sentence like other discourse markers. This constitutes a new type of Chinese discourse marker. Meanwhile, the economy principle and the need for expressing surprise are also pragmatic reasons contributing to its formation.
出处
《语言学研究》
2020年第2期100-110,共11页
Linguistic Research
基金
国家社科基金重大项目资助,批准号13&ZD133
关键词
简直了
话语标记
评价功能
Jianzhi-le
discourse marker
evaluative function
