摘要
本文基于语料-标准双重驱动法对比了"紧"和「きつい」的认知语义结构,发现二者的共同点为:(1)语义扩展的整体方向类似;(2)原型义均为"物体受力后不易松动,并且反作用力较强,对施力物体刺激较大";(3)具有较高的语义扩展程度;(4)一次扩展义与基于隐喻的扩展义较多。其主要成因在于汉日母语者的基本身体经验和世界认知过程类似,以及二者概念特征一致。另一方面,二者的不同点为:(1)"紧"有表达动作的语义,「きつい」没有;(2)表达性质的扩展义不尽相同。其成因在于两种语言语法特征的差异以及汉日母语者对世界细微之处的具体认知过程不同。
This paper compares the structures of cognitive meanings of Chinese jin and Japanese kitsui based on a data and criterion dual-drive approach.It is found that Chinese jin and Japanese kitsui share 4 common features:(1)The overall tendency of semantic expansion is similar.(2)The prototypical meaning is"an object,when being exerted a force on,will not work loose easily,and will have a rather strong reaction on the force-exerting object".(3)The degree of semantic expansion is high.(4)There are many first-stage extended meanings and metaphor-based meanings.This is because native speakers of Chinese and Japanese have similar bodily experiences and general cognitive processes,and conceptual features of the two languages are similar.However,there are two major differences:(1)Chinese jin has extended meanings denoting actions,but these are absent in Japanese kitsui.(2)Their extended meanings of properties are not the same.This is because Chinese and Japanese have different grammatical features,and their native speakers are different in subtle cognitive processes.
出处
《语言学研究》
2019年第2期67-76,共10页
Linguistic Research
基金
南京航空航天大学引进人才科研启动基金的资助.
关键词
语料-标准双重驱动法
紧
きつい
认知语义对比
data and criterion dual-drive approach
Chinese jin
Japanese kitsui
comparison of cognitive meanings
