摘要
口述记忆研究的核心在于"记忆如何成为记忆",即记忆是如何生成、被挑选和使用的。文章基于对一个潮州木雕家族开展的田野调查,结合口述资料、文献资料,试图从个体生命经验出发,勾画清末至当代潮州木雕匠人的部分生活样貌。从匠人的口述中发现,人们基于不同意图对记忆进行"挑选"和"使用"。艰苦创业的职业素养被时常强调,成为地方行业评价的重要准则。这一评价标准折射出时代背景下手工匠人身份地位低下的社会现实。明清之后潮州木雕工艺上竞奢斗巧的特点愈发凸显,在当地形成了一套"工精为胜"的地方知识。"求精"的审美趣味逐渐成为一个文化符号被重复叙说。可以发现,民间手工艺"记忆"的生成、保存与使用深嵌于社会文化的肌理之中。历史层累之下,某些记忆成为文化惯性,甚至转变为一系列的文化符号与文化资本,被不断复述、加工与强化。
The core of oral memory research lies in "how memory becomes memory", that is, how memory is generated, selected, and used. Based on the field survey of a Chaozhou woodcarving family, combined with oral materials, literature materials and observation, this paper attempts to outline part of the life appearance of Chaozhou woodcarving craftsmen from the late Qing dynasty to the present based on the individual life experience. From the craftsmen’s dictation, it could be found that people "selected" and "used" memory according to different intentions. The professional qualities of hardworking and enterprising were often emphasized and became an important evaluation criterion for local industry. This evaluation standard reflected the social reality of the low status of craftsmen under the background of the times. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, Chaozhou woodcarving was more and more characterized by the pursuits of extravagance and skillfulness, and a set of local knowledge of "craftsmanship wins" was formed. The aesthetic tendency to "pursuing refinement" gradually became a cultural symbol and was repeatedly narrated. From this case, we found that the generation, preservation and use of the folk handicraft "memory" were deeply embedded in the texture of social culture. In the iterative history, some memories became cultural inertia, and even turned into a series of cultural symbols and cultural capital, which were constantly retold, processed and strengthened.
出处
《艺术与民俗》
2020年第2期75-82,共8页
Journal of Arts and Folklore
关键词
记忆
口述
民间手工艺
潮州木雕
Memory
Oral History
Folk Handicraft
Chaozhou Woodcarving
