摘要
口述史是通过口述的方式将当代公众历史记录下来的历史研究模式。其基本特征有四:个人本位原则,双向互动的建构,参与人员的低门槛性,当代历史记录性。采访人的历史意识与文本习惯,这是产生口述史的基础。口述史是历史记忆代代传承的产物,其发展阶段是历史记忆的几种外化方式。口述史的性质经历了由组织本位到人为本位两大阶段。在公众史学的"人为本位"原则下,口述史是主体建构,就是让人民说话,参与历史的建构。口述史征集到的是普通人的历史记忆与历史认知,所以口述史研究的核心问题是如何看待普通人的历史记忆与历史认知。对大脑历史记忆的怀疑必须有限度,不能泛化成没有底线的全面怀疑。口述史提供的是第一手信息,须等待别人来进一步考订,成为更精确的科学历史知识。当下利益与长远利益之间要保持平衡,可提供两个不同的版本,历史版本要全面保真,当下传播的版本可以有所节略。
Oral history is a historical study mode that records contemporary public history orally.It has four basic characteristics:the people-oriented standard,the construction of two-way interaction,the low threshold for participants,and the record of contemporary history.The interviewers’historical consciousness and textual habits are the basis of oral history.Oral history is the product of the inheritance of historical memory from generation to generation.Its developmental stage displays several external ways of historical memory.The nature of oral history has gone through two stages from organization-oriented to people-oriented.Under the"people-oriented"principle of public history,oral history is the construction of the subject,which allows people to speak and to participate in the construction of history.Oral history collects ordinary people’s historical memory and historical cognition,so the core issue of the study of oral history is related to the treatment of the historical memory and historical cognition of the ordinary people.Doubts about the brain’s memory of history should be proper and should not be extended to a complete suspicion without a bottom line.Oral history provides first-hand information,which is waiting for others’further review so as to become more accurate and scientific historical knowledge.There is a need to maintain the balance between the current interests and the long-term interests.In this case,two different versions of oral history could be prepared:the historical version of oral history shall be complete and accurate while the public version of oral history could be abridged.
作者
钱茂伟
QIAN Mao-wei(Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)
出处
《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2020年第2期80-88,共9页
The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition
基金
2019年国家社科重大项目“当代中国公众历史记录理论与实践研究”(项目号:19ZAD194)的阶段性研究成果.
关键词
口述史
大脑记忆
公众历史
oral history
brain’s memory
public history
