摘要
朱德熙(1982)对普通话"他笑了"歧义的解释代表了"单双‘了’体貌对立说",文章综合多方面语料发现,该假说在音形来源上未能被证实,在功能语义上也是适用范围有限的。通过考察"动态持续性VO+了_(2)"的语法特点及跨方言形式,文章对"他笑了"的歧义给出新解释:它很可能源于"了_(2)"的多功能性或"笑"情状上的特殊性。这项探讨促使我们详解了"了_(2)"的近过去、单独过去两个功能,并重新剖析它的近将来功能。文章显示,有必要将"了_(2)"句的事件诠释和它的语篇表现相结合来做对应性的分析。
This paper examines the grammatical differences between the structures"V(O)+LE2"and"V+LE1+(O)+LE2"in Cantonese and Northern Mandarin.It is shown that the prominent semantic contrast of the two structures is not"past inchoation vs.past termination",which was proposed by Zhu(1982),but"future inchoation vs.past occurrence".This investigation gives rise to a new analysis on the tense-aspect functions of LE2,that is,LE2 in Standard Mandarin can denote"immediate past""immediate future"and express"an isolated event in the past"besides of"change of state".The sentences with these four kinds of LE2 differ in the interpretation,the VP types and the discourse restriction.This conclusion indicates that the ambiguity of the sentence"V+LE"(e.g.Ta xiao le"he smiled/he is laughing.",or Wo zou le"I has left./I am going to leave")may be caused by the multi-functionality of LE2,instead of the claim that the final LE can be both"LE2"and"LE1+LE2".
出处
《语言研究集刊》
2020年第2期239-262,441-442,共26页
Bulletin of Linguistic Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“功能—类型学取向的汉语语义演变研究”(编号14ZDB098)的资助
