摘要
英国的运河多建于1700~1835年,是英国工业革命兴起与发展的重要保障之一。英国的运河多为窄运河,运输能力有限,且除铸铁、集装箱、升船机和斜面等领域的技术开发外,鲜有技术创新。英国的运河虽然有很多缺点,但在整个19世纪发挥了重要的运输功能。"一战"以后,随着传统工业的衰落、高速公路和铁路的建设,以及电力对蒸汽动力的广泛替代,英国大部分运河逐渐衰落甚至消失。"二战"以后,英国运河的历史和娱乐功能被重新发现并获得重视,运河爱好者、英国内河航运协会与地方运河协会,以及英国政府与地方当局逐渐联合起来,共同致力于运河的恢复工作。英国运河修复在保护工业遗迹和创建新商业方面取得了巨大成就,但仍有许多问题需要解决。
Most English canal and navigation construction took place during the years between 1700 and 1835,it was the most important factor behind the industrial revolution in England.Most of English Canals were narrow canals with limited transport capacity and few technical innovations were introduced on English Canals,only in the use of cast iron for canal structures,containerization,and the development of boat lifts and incline planes.Despite their disadvantages,canals continued to provide a useful service throughout the nineteenth century.Most of English canals were declined or disappeared affected by the post-war decline in England’s traditional industries,the construction of motorways,and the widespread replacement of steam power by electricity.After world war II,the historical and recreational functions of English Canals were rediscovered and valued,and canal enthusiasts,IWA and the local canal association,as well as the British government and local authorities,gradually joined together to work on the restoration of the canal.Much has been achieved by English canal restoration in the conservation of industrial monuments and the creation of new businesses though there are still many problems to overcome.
出处
《运河学研究》
2019年第2期200-216,共17页
Canal Studies
关键词
运河
内河航运
运河协会
英国史
Canals
Waterway Navigation
IWA
British History
