摘要
北朝政权政治生态环境主要表现为:篡位弑夺、频频易主的政权更迭常态;暴君虐臣与强臣凌主交替存在的紧张君臣关系;弘扬儒家伦理及忠孝道德的价值导向;操赏罚二柄以劝诫臣子尽忠的君王之术。在这种政治生态环境下,臣子践行忠德则主要表现为:忠君卫主、主辱臣死;直言极谏、无所隐避;策名委质、各为其主等基本样态,并对君臣关系进行了自觉反思,对忠奸之别进行了理性辨折。总的看,北朝政治生态反映出战乱时期忠德主要特点是:忠于君王与各为其主两种现象的并存;尽忠死节与改事新主两种情况的互现;首孝次忠与舍孝全忠两难抉择的颉颃。南北朝时期成为中国传统忠德变迁史中上承两汉、下启唐宋的重要转折过渡时期。
The political ecological environment of the Northern dynasty’s regime was mainly manifested in the normal state of regime changes,such as usurpation,killing,and frequent changes of power;tense relationship between a tyrant and his subjects,as well as the alternation of strong officials and tyrannical rulers;promoting the value orientation of Confucian ethics and loyalty and filial piety morality;the king’s technique of using reward and punishment to make his subjects loyal.In this political environment,the practice of loyalty and virtue by courtiers is mainly manifested as follows:being loyal to the ruler and defending the lord;frank advice and no hiding;engaging in basic behaviors such as seeking fame and power.The author also conducted an analysis of the distinction between loyalty and treachery.In all,the political ecology of the Northern dynasty reflects the main characteristics of loyalty and morality during the war period,which are the coexistence of loyalty to the king and being loyal to their own lords;the confrontation between the dilemma of first filial piety,then loyalty and no filial piety,all loyalty.The period of the Northern and Southern dynasties became an important transitional period in the history of traditional loyalty and morality in China,which was inherited from the Han dynasty to the Tang and Song dynasties.
作者
桑东辉
SANG Dong-hui(School of Philosophy,Heilongjiang University,Harbin Heilongjiang,150080)
出处
《云冈研究》
2023年第4期45-57,共13页
Yungang Research
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中华民族共同体的伦理认同研究”(20&ZD037)
国家社科基金后期资助项目“中国传统忠德变迁史研究”(19FZXB026)
关键词
北朝政权
忠德
政治生态
Northern and Southern dynasties
the regime of China’s northern nationalities
loyalty and morality
political environment
