摘要
目的了解深圳市龙岗区印刷和记录媒介复制企业(以下简称“印刷企业”)有机溶剂和噪声职业病危害现状。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择深圳市龙岗区56家印刷企业为研究对象,对其开展现场职业卫生调查和重点职业病危害因素检测结果分析。结果56家企业256个有机溶剂原料共检出挥发性组分148项和1358项次,检出率居前3位的挥发性组分分别是甲苯、正己烷和甲醇(分别为35.5%、25.7%和23.8%)。有机溶剂原料中苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、正己烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、三氯乙烯和三氯甲烷等8种重点职业病危害因素样品检出率居前3位的分别是甲苯、正己烷和乙苯。工作场所空气中重点职业病危害因素企业检出率和样品检出率均以甲苯最高,但未检出3氯甲烷;工作场所空气中甲苯超标率为2.6%。10种重点岗位噪声超标率为27.9%。开展职业病危害因素定期检测和职业健康检查的企业仅占64.3%和57.1%。未配备防毒设施或防毒设施无效的企业各占33.9%;未配备防噪声设施或防噪声设施无效的企业各有78.6%。结论深圳市龙岗区印刷企业正己烷、甲苯和噪声危害严峻,职业卫生管理不完善;应加强对该行业的职业卫生监督管理。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of the occupational hazard of organic solvent and noise in printing and record medium production enterprises in Longgang District of Shenzhen City.Methods A total of 56 printing and record medium production enterprises were selected as the study subjects by judgmental sampling method to analyze the worksite survey of occupational health and the key occupational hazard factors.Results There were 256 organic solvent samples detected in 56 enterprises,which included a total of 148 terms and 1358 categories of volatile constituents.The top three volatile constituents were toluene(35.5%),n-hexane(25.7%)and methanol(23.8%).The top three detected samples of the eight key chemical occupational hazard factors(benzene,toluene,xylene,ethylbenzene,n-hexane,1,2-dichloroethane,trichloroethylene and chloroform)were toluene,n-hexane and ethylbenzene.In the workplace air,toluene was the most risk factor of occupational hazard factors in enterprise and in sample detection,while no trichloromethane was detected.The toluene in workplace air was found to exceed the national standard with the rate of 2.6%.It showed that 27.9%of the work sites were found occupational noise hazard which was over national standard in the 10 key work sites.Only 64.3%and 57.1%enterprises performed occupational hazard factors detection and occupational health examination.Both none or invalid toxicant-proof facilities accounted for 33.9%of the enterprises.Both none or invalid noise-proof facilities accounted for 78.6%of the enterprises.Conclusion The occupational hazards factor of toluene,n-hexane and noise were serious in printing and record medium production enterprises in Longgang District of Shenzhen City,and the occupational health management was imperfect.The occupational regulation should be enhanced in this industry.
作者
廖静
谭成龙
于碧鲲
LIAO Jing;TAN Cheng-long;YU Bi-kun(Shenzhen Longgang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518172,China)
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第5期596-600,共5页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20180228164129711)
深圳市龙岗区科技发展资金(LGKCYLWS2018000012,LGKCYLWS2018000004)
关键词
印刷业
有机溶剂
甲苯
正己烷
噪声
检测
重点职业病危害因素
重点岗位
Printing industry
Organic solvent
Toluene
n-hexane
Noise
Detection
Key occupational hazard factor
Key work sites
