摘要
国家是历史条件的产物,并受到制度传统的深刻影响。制度传统对国家的形塑,首先表现为对国民性的塑造,进而建构起不同的国家形态及其特性。从历史上看,由于农民构成国民的主要社会阶层,国民性主要表现为农民性。在世界文明进程中,中国的家户制和俄国的村社制均为两国的本源型制度传统,二者在组织结构、产权属性、运行机制、治理单元等方面存在显著不同,由此导致两国在农民性与国家性上的分殊。在农民性上,家户制下的农民表现为更多的自主性、积极性、弱势性以及个体性,村社制下的农民则偏向依附性、消极性、稳定性以及团体性。由于农民性上的差异,两国在基层治理模式、国家与乡村联结方式、现代国家建构路径等国家形态和特性方面呈现各自特点,进而形成不同的国家治理样态。在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的进程中,应当高度重视长期以来形成的制度传统,并探索符合本国历史社会条件的国家治理模式与发展道路。
The state is a product of historical conditions and is profoundly influenced by institutional traditions.Institutional tradition is a value,behavior and norm that can have an impact on today and even the future,as well as the related historical conditions.The shaping of institutional tradition to the state is first manifested as the shaping of the national nature,and then construct different national forms and their characteristics.Historically,as peasants constitute the main social strata of the people,the national character is mainly manifested as peasant character.In the process of world civilization,China's household system and Russia's village commune system are both the original institutional traditions of the two countries.There are significant differences between them in terms of organizational structure,property right attributes,operating mechanism,governance units and so on,which leads to the divergence between the two countries in terms of peasant and national.In terms of peasant,Chinese peasants under the household system are more autonomous,active,vulnerable,and individual,while Russian peasants under the village commune system tend to be dependent,passive,stable,and collective.Due to the differences in peasant,the two countries have their own characteristics in terms of national forms and characteristics,such as the mode of grassroots governance,the connection between the state and the countryside,and the path of modern state construction,thus forming different national governance patterns.In the process of promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity,we should attach great importance to the institutional traditions that have been formed for a long time,and explore the national governance model and development path that meets the historical and social conditions of the country.
作者
黄振华
王美娜
Huang Zhenhua;Wang Meina
出处
《中国政治学》
2023年第4期75-94,165-166,共22页
CHINESE POLITICAL SCIENCE
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“健全家户治理功能与新时代乡村治理体系完善研究”(项目批准号:22AZZ007)的阶段性成果
关键词
制度传统
国家形态
家户制
村社制
Institutional Tradition
National Form
Household System
Village Commune System
