摘要
宅基地使用权是一种用益物权,该权利能否继承在理论与司法实务中均存在较大的分歧,主要争点在于该权利是否属于能够被继承的遗产。从解释论立场出发,宅基地使用权属于民事主体的合法财产,但应当归为“根据其性质不得继承的遗产”。在我国“房地一体”模式下,为解决因房屋继承导致的个体利益与以农村集体经济组织为代表的集体利益之冲突,设立法定租赁权制度是一种较为理想的选择,然而,我国现行法律未采纳该种制度安排。针对这种情形,可以类推适用强制缔约制度,苛以房屋继承人与农村集体经济组织就使用继承房屋所占用的宅基地订立相应合同的义务。根据宅基地使用合同,房屋继承人使用宅基地的权利在性质上属于债权,其与宅基地使用权分属不同性质的权利。房屋继承人在享有使用宅基地的债权时,仅能够以拥有房屋所有权为前提而使用该宅基地,且不得对原有房屋进行翻建、重建。同时,其应当承担相应的义务。
The homestead land use right is usufructuary.Whether this right can be inherited is controversial in theory and practice.The dispute focuses on whether this right can be regarded as an inheritance.From the perspective of legal interpretation theory,although the homestead land use right belongs to the category of legal property of civil subjects,it should be classified as a“legacy that is noninherited according to its nature”.Under the“integration of housing and land”model,to solve the conflict between individual interests caused by house inheritance and collective interests represented by rural collective economic organizations,it is an ideal choice to establish a legal leasehold system.However,the current law has not adopted this kind of system scheme.In response to this situation,the compulsory contracting system can be applied by analogy and strictly impose the obligation of the house heirs to conclude the contract for the use of the homestead with the rural collective economic organization.According to the homestead use contract,the right of the heir to use the homestead is a creditor’s right in nature,which is essentially different from the homestead land use right.Based on the creditor’s rights of utilizing the homestead,the heir of the house has only the right to use the homestead under the premise of enjoying the ownership of the house and shall not renovate or rebuild the original house;at the same time,he shall undertake corresponding obligations.
作者
高飞
GAO Fei(Institute for Land Legal System Studies,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou 510420,China)
出处
《西南政法大学学报》
2022年第4期125-134,共10页
Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law
基金
2021年度国家社会科学基金项目“土地要素市场化配置改革中增值收益分配法治问题研究”(21BFX082)
关键词
宅基地使用权
继承
农村集体经济组织成员
强制缔约
homestead land use right
inheritance
member of the rural collective economic organization
compulsory contract
