摘要
本文基于柏格森生命哲学绵延时间理论和埃里克森生命周期理论,阐述个体生命周期各阶段呈现的不同时间心理,及其在空间意识上展现的不同宗教道德性。在生物学意义上的自身肌体中,具有道德属性的"生命冲动",在个体生命周期的心理时间与空间时间的绵延与敞开中,进行自我设计和自我筹划并实现自身的创生。本文构建埃里克森生命周期理论ψ模型,包含"过去、现在、未来"心理时间序列连续性,也包含"儿童、青年、中年、老年"空间时间逾越性,并以此来论证时间(心理时间、空间时间)与空间意识(本我、自我、超我)以及环境(家庭、社会、学校等)的时间空间均衡。在儿童生命周期阶段,空间意识内的本我滋生出自我,并形成道德超我。儿童在空间意识上的"泛灵论、目的论、拟人论"由强渐弱。在青少年生命周期阶段,空间意识与环境的时间空间均衡成为最大需求,并影响时间心理的有序发展。在中年生命周期阶段,时间心理、空间意识与环境形成均衡结构,个体形成稳定的人格,对超我道德的渴望加剧。此时宗教的神学意义被遮蔽,成为一种道德伦理,或者一种生活习惯。因此,对个体时间心理与空间意识的心理学解读,有助于我们揭示宗教道德的本质及运行规律,对于我国开展马克思主义宗教观教育具有重要的意义,同时对中国宗教心理学学科体系的建构有所裨益。
Based on Bergson’s theory of life span and Erikson’s theory of life cycle,this paper expounds the different temporal psychology in each stage of an individual’s life cycle and the different religious moralities shown in spatial consciousness.In biological organism itself,the moral attribute of"life impulse",at the individual life cycle time of psychological time and space stretches with open,through the design and plan and implement their own creation.The text constructs the model of Eriksen’s life cycle theory,which contains the continuity of"past,present and future"psychological time series,as well as the spatial and temporal transcendence of"children,youth,middle age and old age".In this way,the time and space balance between time(psychological time,spatial time),spatial consciousness(id,ego,superego)and environment(family,society,school,etc.)is demonstrated.In the stage of children’s life cycle,the id in the spatial consciousness breeds the ego and forms the moral superego.In terms of spatial consciousness,children’s"animism,teleology and anthropomorphism"gradually weakens.In the stage of adolescent life cycle,space consciousness and time space balance of environment become the biggest demand,and affect the orderly development of time psychology.In the life cycle of middle age,the balanced structure of time psychology,space consciousness and environment forms a stable personality,and the desire for superego morality intensifies.At this time,the theological significance of religion is obscured and becomes a kind of moral ethics or a living habit.Therefore,through the psychological interpretation of individual time psychology and space consciousness,we can reveal the nature of religious morality and its operation rules,which is of great significance to the development of marxist religious education in China,and also helpful to the construction of the discipline system of Chinese religious psychology.
基金
国家社科基金西部项目“新疆喀什地区维吾尔族个体宗教心理发展研究”(经国家社科规划办批准,变更为“马克思主义宗教观指导下的新疆地区宗教心理研究”)(18XZJ016)的阶段性成果
关键词
宗教心理学
时间心理
空间意识
宗教道德
Religious Psychology
Time Psychology
Spatial Awareness
Religious Moral
