摘要
本文旨在探讨抽离和正念在自我聚焦对社交焦虑影响关系中的作用。两个研究分别采用相关法和实验法,探究自我聚焦内容(冗思、正念)和反思方式(浸入、抽离)对社交焦虑的交互影响。结果:问卷数据显示,抽离在自我聚焦注意影响社交焦虑的关系中起着调节作用,无论低抽离倾向还是高抽离倾向,自我聚焦注意都能预测社交焦虑,抽离在低自我聚焦注意对社交焦虑的影响中具有更强的缓冲作用;实验结果表明,聚焦内容与反思方式两者交互作用于社交焦虑,浸入-聚焦冗思内容引发最强的社交焦虑,抽离-聚焦正念内容引发最弱的社交焦虑。结论:抽离和聚焦正念内容都最能有效缓解自我聚焦对社交焦虑的不良影响。
Self-focus attention is a kind of awareness of the internal information associated with the self when resource is directed to the thoughts and emotions within the individual,which is an important factor in the social anxiety formation process.There are two reflection styles,one is selfimmersed perspective,and the other is self-distanced perspective.The former is that individuals focus on the details and feelings when thinking about the past events.The latter is that individuals observe themselves and their experiences in the past events with decentered perspective.Besides,the selfdistanced perspective can effectively alleviate social anxiety and reduce negative emotions and avoidance levels of individuals with high social anxiety.The purpose of this paper was to explore the influence of self-focus attention on social anxiety and the role of self-distance and mindfulness.The two studies used questionnaire and experimental methods respectively to explore the influence of focus content and reflection style on social anxiety.Study1 used Self-Distance Scale,Self-Consciousness Scale and Interaction Anxiety Scale to measure and 275 participants of college students(135 males,140 females)were administered in the end.The results found that self-focus attention and social anxiety had significantly positive relationship,self-focus attention and self-distance had significantly positive relationship,and self-distance and social anxiety had significantly negative relationship.Besides,the regulating effect of self-distance was significant between self-focus attention and social anxiety.Self-focus attention could predict social anxiety regardless of low or high distanced tendency,and self-distance had a stronger buffering effect on the influence of low self-focused attention on social anxiety.Study 2 used 2(reflection style:self-immersed perspective,self-distanced perspective)×2(focus content:mindfulness,rumination)between-group design.The subjects completed the following three tasks in turn.Firstly,in the task of social anxiety situation,participants needed to recall the social anxiety events,record them and evaluate individual social anxiety caused by the events on paper.Secondly,focus and reflection writing task design referred to the experimental paradigm of Sauer and Baer(2012)was used.Self-focus content included mindfulness and rumination contents.Mindfulness and rumination focused on experiential and analytical content respectively.The focus content was presented on the screen.Focusing experiential content refers to the individual’s attention to specific descriptive content and emotions,such as the event process,"what was I feeling","what was I thinking"and"what had I done".Focusing analysis content refers to the individual’s concern about the causes of events and emotions.Analytical content and experiential content included four questions.Each question was presented for two minutes.The self-distanced perspective group answered the questions in the third personal pronouns on the paper.However,the self-immersion perspective group answered the questions with the first-person"I".Thirdly,participants again rated their current anxiety on social anxiety assessment task.Main conclusions were drawn as below:(1)The main effect of focus content and reflection style were significant.(2)Focus content and reflection style interacted significantly on social anxiety.Besides,the immersed-rumination individuals felt more anxiety,and the distanced-mindfulness individuals felt weaker anxiety when individuals analyzed social anxiety events.Consequently,self-distance and focusing on mindfulness content can effectively alleviate the negative effects of self-focused attention on social anxiety.
作者
李莹
毕重增
Li Ying;Bi Chongzeng(Research Center for Psychology and Social Development,Faculty of Psychology,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715)
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期239-246,共8页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金重大项目(SWU1909229)的资助.
关键词
自我聚焦注意
社交焦虑
抽离
正念
self-focus attention
social anxiety
self-distance
mindfulness
