摘要
纤毛是由微管组成,存在于大部分细胞表面呈头发状结构的细胞器。根据纤毛是否运动,可以将其分为初级纤毛和动纤毛(多纤毛)。动纤毛常分布于大脑中央水管上皮、气道上皮、生殖系统的输卵管上皮组织等处。初级纤毛则分布于其余的大部分组织器官的细胞内,例如肾小管上皮细胞、各骨细胞或者软骨细胞、椎间盘细胞等。初级纤毛被认为是细胞把外界信号转导到细胞内的机械信号或者化学感受器和多种信号通路转导的中心。运动系统是由骨、软骨、关节、肌腱等组织组成,具有运动、支持、保护功能的人体主要承受力学的系统。因此,作为人体机械信号感受器的初级纤毛被认为与人体运动系统正常生理功能的维持密切相关。参与纤毛形成的基因突变可导致纤毛缺失,从而引起运动系统的多组织器官异常。同时,人们也发现在骨性关节炎、椎间盘退变、脊柱侧弯等许多常见的运动系统疾病中存在初级纤毛异常。因此,深入研究初级纤毛在运动系统组织器官生理功能维持及与疾病的关系有助于运动系统疾病的治疗。该文对初级纤毛与运动系统疾病的研究进展进行综述,指出了纤毛与运动系统疾病的最新进展及重点与难点,为运动系统疾病的发病机制研究提供理论参考。
Cilia are microtubules based hair-like organelles projecting from the surface of almost cells.Cilia can be divided into primary cilia and motile cilia(muti cilia)depending on whether the cilia can move or not.Motile cilia are often distributed in the epithelium of brain ventricles,the epithelium of the airway and the fallopian tube tissue of the reproductive system.Primary cilia are distributed in most of the remaining tissues and organs,such as renal tubular epithelial cells,various bone or cartilage cells,and intervertebral disc cells.Primary cilia are considered to play important roles in mechano/mechanical-sensation,and many signaling transduction.The musculoskeletal system consists of bones,cartilage,intervertebral disc,tendons,and ligaments,providing support,stability,and movement to the body.Musculoskeletal systems are exposed to various mechanical loads and function as a major system for the mechanical transduction in our body.Therefore,it believed that cilia have a critical role in function mantainence in musculoskeletal.Genes mutations that build up cilia can lead to loss of cilia,and cilia defects can cause numerous human diseases named ciliopathy,especially affected in musculoskeletal system.In addition,primary cilia defects are found in many diseases such as osteoarthritis,intervertebral disc degeneration,scoliosis and so on.Therefore,study the role of primary cilia in the tissues and organs physiological function maintenance in the musculoskeletal system and identify the role of primary cilia in musculoskeletal disorder is helpful for the treatment of musculoskeletal system diseases.It was believed that primary cilia could be a potential target for the treatment of musculoskeletal system diseases.In this manuscript,the research progress of primary cilia in musculoskeletal system diseases were reviewed,and the latest progress,key points and difficulties on cilia and musculoskeletal system diseases were highlighted.This review will provide theoretical reference for investigating the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal disorder.
作者
李新华
LI Xinhua(Department of Orthopedics,Shanghai General Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200080,China)
出处
《中国细胞生物学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2022年第11期2171-2182,共12页
Chinese Journal of Cell Biology
基金
上海市科技创新行动扬帆计划(批准号:21YF1436400)
国家自然科学基金(批准号:82102608)资助的课题
关键词
初级纤毛
运动系统疾病
骨性关节炎
骨肿瘤
椎间盘退变
柱侧弯
primary cilia
musculoskeletal system disease
osteoarthritis
bone tumor
intervertebral disc degeneration
scoliosis
