摘要
清代是土默特川平原土地垦种的关键时期,这也直接导致当地由草原自然景观逐渐过渡为以农业为主的人为塑造的复合景观。土地垦种是对自然环境的改造利用,土默特川平原的原初草原自然景观因之遭到破坏,生态系统也向单一农业化方向变迁,进而导致当地生物多样性减少及环境退化等开始频繁出现,自然灾害发生的频度与烈度也有所增强。此外,土地垦种也造成人口数量的增多,定居聚落及与农业生产生活相关设施建设也大量出现。因此,在土地面积一定及自然条件并不优渥的情况下,土地垦种势必会给当地自然环境带来巨大压力,其环境代价无疑也是巨大的。
The Qing Dynasty was a crucial period for the transfer of animal husbandry to agriculture in Tumotechuan Plain,which was basically completed in themiddle of Qing Dynasty.Land reclamation is the transformation of the local natural environment,and directly lead to the destruction of the original grassland natural landscape.Land reclamation led to the change of the ecosystem of Tumot Chuan Plain in the Qing Dynasty toward a single agriculturalization.It also led to the frequent occurrence of local biodiversity reduction and environmental degradation.In addition,the ancient land reclamation inevitably required a certain number of people,but also led to a large number of settlements and agricultural related facilities construction,in a certain area of land and natural conditions are not good,it is bound to bring enormous population pressure on the local natural environment.Therefore,the environmental cost caused by land reclamation is undoubtedly enormous.
出处
《西北民族论丛》
2019年第2期83-100,343-344,共20页
Northwest Ethnology Series
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中国历史农业地理研究与地图绘制”(批准号:13&ZD082)
国家自然科学基金项目“近500年来中国农业空间格局演变及其环境影响”(批准号:41371148)阶段性成果
关键词
土默特川平原
清代
土地垦种
环境代价
社会制约
Tumit Chuan Plain
Qing Dynasty
Land Reclamation
Environmental Cost
Social Constraints
