摘要
锂离子电池是目前广泛使用的新能源存储与转化器件,具有存储能量密度高、循环寿命长、环境友好等优点。锂离子电池的负极材料是决定电池整体电化学性能的关键因素之一,其中常用的为炭负极材料。石墨虽为商业化最成功的炭负极材料,但由于石墨与电解液相容性差,不能形成稳定的固态电解质层;溶剂化会导致片层滑移、剥离;较小的层间距导致锂离子扩散性能差,这些缺点限制了石墨负极材料的电化学性能。无定形炭材料可在倍率性能方面弥补石墨材料的不足,但其综合性能不如石墨。本文在概述锂离子电池的工作原理和主要组成的基础上,综述了近年来针对锂离子电池炭负极材料表面改性的研究进展,包括表面包覆、化学处理、元素掺杂等方法,并展望了其研究前景。
With high energy density,long cycle life and environmental friendliness,lithium-ion battery has been widely used in energy storage and conversion system.The anode of lithium-ion battery is one of the key factors to determine the overall electrochemical performance of the battery,among which carbon anode is commonly used.Graphite is the most successfully applied carbon anode material,but it is difficult to form a stable solid electrolyte layer due to the poor compatibility between graphite and electrolyte.Solvation leads to slip and loss of carbon layers combining the narrow interlayer space results in poor diffusion of Li+,which limits the electrochemical performance of graphite.Amorphous carbon can make up for the deficiency of graphite in terms of rate capability,but its performance is inferior to graphite overall.In this review,the working principle and main components of lithium-ion battery and the research progress on surface modification of carbon anode material,including surface coating,chemical treatment and impurity element doping are summarized,and the prospects and challenges of surface modification for carbon anode are also proposed.
作者
王伊轩
李晓天
宋怀河
Wang Yi-xuan;Li Xiao-tian;Song Huai-he(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《炭素技术》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第4期13-19,共7页
Carbon Techniques
关键词
锂离子电池
炭负极材料
表面改性
Lithium-ion battery
carbon anode material
surface modification
