摘要
当今世界,难民问题困扰全球。人们往往强调难民对于接收国的消极影响,而忽略接收国在接收难民时的积极战略考量。本文以1933年到1945年间美国接收德国难民的战略布局为例,提醒人们全面看待难民问题。这一时期,美国接收了总数约1/5的德国难民。这既是人道关怀、历史传统和现实原因使然,也同样出于国家战略考量,如:发挥德国难民在反法西斯斗争中不可替代的作用;从中吸收德国和欧洲问题专家从事情报工作,以加速二战胜利;发挥难民在战后处置并重建德国、实现美国在欧洲及世界战略布局等方面的积极作用;收罗各领域的学术难民,以繁荣科技、文化,等等。得益于这些政策及战略,德国难民以很小的人口比例,为美国创造了极大的正面价值。德国难民在战时和战后,都成为美国推行国家重大战略的得力助手。
The world today is increasingly disturbed and perplexed by the refugee issue.It is very likely that people would focus on the negative impacts the refugees may have on the receiving countries,while ignoring the positive strategic considerations made by those countries that accepted them.Taking the strategic layout behind the acceptance of German refugees by United States from 1933 to 1945 as an example,this paper aims at reminding people that a comprehensive view has to be taken on the refugee issue.During that period,United States has received about one fifth of German refugees in total.This was prompted not only by humanity,historical traditions and the reality,but also involved strategic considerations of the nation.For instance,German refugees might play an irreplaceable role in the anti-fascist war;the specialists on German and European affairs among these refugees might be hired by intelligence services to accelerate the victory of WWⅡ;they might play an active role in the post-war arrangement and rebuilding Germany as well as helping America’s strategic layout in Europe and the world at large;and scholars in various fields among these refugees might contribute to scientific,technological,and cultural prosperity in the United States.Thanks to the strategy and policy,German refugees,though accounting for a small percentage of the US population,made great and positive contributions to the country,and remained a crucial force for assisting the country to pursue its momentous national stratagems during and after the war.
出处
《世界民族》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期56-67,共12页
Journal of World Peoples Studies
基金
天津市社科项目“19世纪后半叶德裔美国人从都市乡民到美国公民转变的过程、问题及启示”(项目号:TJSRQN20-001)
“现代化与民族融合:德裔移民融入美国的历史、问题与启示”的阶段性成果
