摘要
当前全球氢气能源化利用程度不高,主要用作炼油和化工原料。在全球能源革命与转型背景下,氢气作为能源利用的发展空间开始显现,其中氢燃料电池是其终端利用的重要方向。氢气制取与可再生能源相结合是今后的发展方向。美国、日本等发达国家高度重视发展氢能和氢燃料电池。美国在氢能产业实践中,形成了较为完整的推进氢能产业发展的法律、政策和科研计划框架体系,形成了国家战略引导、能源部主导技术研发以及各州因地制宜推广的产业发展局面。日本的氢能产业规模和技术水平位居世界前列,其氢能规划目标宏大,发展路线图系统详实,提出了2030年的具体量化发展目标。中国氢能产业发展总体处于起步阶段,燃料电池生产相关技术与设备与发达国家有较大差距,当前国内氢气主要来自煤制氢,"灰氢"变"蓝氢"面临技术及经济性挑战。综合考虑能源革命战略以及国家相关规划,未来中国氢能产业将分三个阶段逐步推进。为保障中国氢能产业发展,应加强顶层设计,做好氢能产业发展规划;过渡时期要重视蓝氢与绿氢供应协同,建立蓝绿结合的发展模式;重视氢燃料电池及储氢等关键技术攻关;进一步完善氢能产业相关技术标准、检测体系;发展进程中必须高度重视氢能产业安全。
At present,hydrogen is not widely utilized as energy worldwide.It is mainly used as oil refining and chemical raw materials.Against the background of global energy revolution and transformation,the development space for hydrogen as energy source starts to appear,and hydrogen fuel cell is an important direction for its end use.The combination of hydrogen production and renewable energy is the future development direction.The United States,Japan and other developed countries has attached great importance to the development of hydrogen energy and hydrogen fuel cells.In the practice of hydrogen energy industry,the United States has formed a relatively complete framework system of laws,policies and scientific research plans to promote the development of hydrogen energy industry,and has formed an industrial development situation in which the government provides strategic guidance,the Ministry of Energy leads the technology research and development and the state governments promote the popularization according to local conditions.The scale and technology level of Japan′s hydrogen energy industry are among the highest in the world.With ambitious targets and detailed development roadmap of hydrogen energy plan,Japan′s hydrogen energy industry has set specific quantitative development goals for 2030.In general,the development of China′s hydrogen energy industry is still in its infancy,and there is a wide gap between China and developed countries in technologies and equipment related to fuel cell production.At present,hydrogen is mainly produced from coal in China,and turning gray hydrogen into blue hydrogen faces technical and economic challenges.Based on the comprehensive consideration of energy revolution strategy and related national plans,China′s hydrogen energy industry will be gradually promoted in three stages in the future.In order to ensure the development of China′s hydrogen energy industry,the top-level design should be strengthened and the development of hydrogen energy industry should be planned.During the transition period,the coordination between blue hydrogen and green hydrogen supply should be emphasized and a development model combining blue hydrogen with green hydrogen should be established,researches on key technologies concerning hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen storage should be carried out,the technical standards and testing systems related to hydrogen energy industry should be further improved,and great importance shall be attached to the safety of hydrogen energy industry during its development.
作者
罗佐县
曹勇
Luo Zuoxian;Cao Yong(SINOPEC Economics&Development Research Institute,Beijing 100029)
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2020年第2期9-15,共7页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
氢能
能源化利用
氢燃料电池
绿氢
发展规划
安全利用
hydrogen
utilization as energy
hydrogen fuel cell
green hydrogen
development plan
safe utilization
