摘要
高校环境实验室危险源的种类和危险特性多样,危险源的风险分级与防范网络屏障构建对高校实验室危险源的管理具有较大的推进作用。文章采用系统工程的方法,进行了环境实验室危险源的分类统计分析;基于事故风险链理论、多层次综合评价法和墨菲定律,构建了环境实验室危险源的风险分级指标体系和防范网络屏障。结果表明:(1)实验室的危险源风险分为危险因素和危险单元风险两个层次,危险因素和危险单元的风险分为极度危险、重度危险、显著危险、潜在危险和稍有危险五个等级。(2)实验物质、工艺设备、环境、人员、安全管理构成实验事故风险链条,事故发生是一个链条事件,构建层层防御屏障大大降低事故的发生概率。构建基于实验项目的实验全员分工负责、物环人管环环相扣、危险单元全周期、全方位、分级化精准监管的防范网络屏障是实验室安全的强有力保证。
The types and characteristics of hazards in university environmental laboratories are diverse,and the risk classification and prevention network barrier construction of hazards have a significant promoting effect on the management of hazards in university laboratories.The article adopts the method of system engineering to classify and statistically analyze the hazards in environmental laboratories;Based on the theory of accident risk chain,multi-level comprehensive evaluation method,and Murphy's law,a risk classification index system and prevention network barrier for environmental laboratory hazards have been constructed.The results indicate that:(1)The hazards in the laboratory are divided into two levels:risk factors and risk units.The risks of risk factors and risk units are divided into five levels:extreme danger,severe danger,significant danger,potential danger,and slightly dangerous.(2)Experimental materials,process equipment,environment,personnel,and safety management constitute the risk chain of experimental accidents.The occurrence of accidents is a chain event,and is greatly reduced by building layers of defense barriers.Building a prevention network barrier based on experimental projects,with division of labor and responsibility among all experimental personnel,interlocking of material,environmental,human and management,grading and precise supervision of hazardous units throughout the entire cycle,in all aspects,is a strong guarantee for laboratory safety.
作者
雷灵琰
白向玉
张洪建
王丽萍
LEI Ling-Yan;BAI Xiang-Yu;ZHANG Hong-Jian;WANG Li-Ping(School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)
出处
《实验室检测》
2024年第5期73-76,共4页
Laboratory Testing
基金
江苏省高校实验室研究会重中之重项目(2023JSJG027)
中国矿业大学实验技术研究与开发项目(S2021Y003)
中国矿业大学教学学术重大课题(2022ZDKT05)
