摘要
推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化,对依法处理海上交通事故提出了新的要求。我国海上交通事故处理的法律法规不够健全,已经很难适应实务发展的需要。事故发生后,依法及时、客观地查明事故原因,认定事故责任,对防止类似事故的发生,保障当事人的合法权益和维护海上交通安全秩序具有重要意义。在行政法学理论及海上事故调查实务中,对海事事故责任认定的法律属性及其可诉性存在争议。在司法审判中,最高人民法院和下级法院基本采取“非行政行为说”的观点,这符合海事事故认定行为的性质,有利于法院查明事故原因;为了分清事故责任,保障当事人的合法权益,不应将海事事故认定定性为行政行为。事故认定是一项专业性和技术性很强的活动,为了妥善化解海上交通事故责任纠纷,应当加强司法机关确定事故责任的权限,不断完善专业的海上事故司法鉴定制度。
Promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity has put forward new requirements for handling maritime traffic accidents according to law.The laws and regulations on the handling of maritime traffic accidents in China are not sound enough,and it has been difficult to adapt to the needs of practical development.After the accident,timely and objective identification of the cause of the accident and determination of the responsibility of the accident in accordance with the law is of significance to prevent the occurrence of similar accidents,protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and maintain the order of maritime traffic safety.In the theory of administrative law and the practice of maritime accident investigation,there are controversies on the legal attributes of maritime accident liability determination and its litigability.In the judicial trial,the Supreme People’s Court and the lower courts basically take the view of"non-administrative act",which is in line with the nature of the maritime accident determination,which is conducive to the court to identify the cause of the accident;in order to distinguish the responsibility of the accident and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties,the maritime accident determination should not be characterized as an administrative act.Accident determination is a professional and technical activity,in order to properly resolve the maritime traffic accident liability disputes,we should strengthen the power of the judicial organs to determine the responsibility of the accident,and constantly improve the professional Judicial Identification of maritime accident system.
作者
田卫卫
TIAN Wei-wei(School of Marine Law and Humanities,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,Liaoning Province,China)
出处
《沈阳农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2022年第4期446-451,共6页
Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
海上交通事故认定
可诉性
事故责任
交通事故调查
国家治理体系和治理能力现代化
Maritime traffic accident identification
actionable
accident liability
traffic accident investigation
modernization of national governance system and governance capacity
