摘要
皮毛贸易是近代陕北的支柱性产业,不仅改变了当地商民的生产经营结构,同时对保障官府财政收入、刺激经济发展起到了至为重要的作用。在相对稳定的社会环境下,陕北民众的革命情绪较为薄弱。1931年前后,受美国经济危机和日本强占东北影响,皮毛出口停滞,陕北地区出现现金缺乏、税赋难征、商民失业的状况,而官方却执行了更为严苛的税收政策,进一步导致城乡经济破产,社会秩序崩溃。在此背景下,中共党组织开始有意识地对失业者和贫民进行帮扶和引导,向他们提供自卫和互助的保障,通过抗捐抗税、分田分粮等活动,以军事方式组织民众,扩大武装力量,根据地发展表现出迅猛的态势。皮毛贸易的衰落成为陕北地方革命运动由低潮转向活跃的关键性因素。
Fur trade was a pillar industry in modern northern Shaanxi,not only transforming the agricultural production and business operation of the people,but also playing an important role in ensuring government revenue and stimulating economic development.In a relatively stable social environment,revolutionary fervor among the people of northern Shaanxi was correspondingly weak.Around 1930,due to the economic crisis in the United States and the Japanese forcible occupation of the Northeast China,fur exports declined,and the northern Shaanxi region experienced cash shortage,difficulties in collecting taxes,and unemployment among merchants and peasants,while the officials implemented more stringent taxation policies in the process,further leading to urban and rural economic bankruptcy and the collapse of social order.In such a context,the Communist Party organizations began to consciously help and guide the unemployed and the poor,providing them with guarantees of self-defense and mutual assistance.Through campaigns against taxes paying and equalizing the distribution of fields and food,the Communist Party continued to organize the people in the military manner and expand its armed forces,leading to its rapid growth eventually.Thus,the decline of the fur trade became one of the critical factors in the flourishing of the communist revolutionary movement in northern Shaanxi.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第7期52-62,共11页
Journal of Historical Science
关键词
陕北
皮毛贸易
大萧条
地方革命
Northern Shaanxi
Fur Trade
Great Depression
Communist revolution
