摘要
目的调查青岛市沿海城区孕妇碘营养状况,为因地制宜科学补碘、预防碘缺乏病提供依据。方法2016-2020年连续5年在青岛市沿海城区选5个社区(八大峡社区、八大关社区、香港中路社区、珠海路社区和仙游路社区),从社区提供的孕妇名单中,各社区分层随机抽取20名孕妇,采集即时尿样和家中食用盐样作为监测指标,使用Excel建立数据库,SPSS 18.0对数据进行统计分析。结果5年共采集孕妇尿样500份,尿碘中位数为153.9μg/L,碘营养不足的样本占总样本数的44.8%,碘营养适宜的占44.2%,碘营养超过适宜的占9.8%,碘营养过量的占1.2%。不同年份间比较差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=39.335,P<0.001。八大峡社区、八大关社区、香港中路社区、珠海路社区和仙游路社区孕妇尿碘中位数分别为163.0、148.1、159.3、147.5和150.4μg/L,不同社区间比较差异无统计学意义,χ^(2)=8.462,P=0.748。采集孕妇家中食用盐样500份,盐碘中位数为27.3 mg/kg,合格碘盐431份,不合格碘盐10份,非碘盐59份,非碘盐率为11.8%,碘盐覆盖率为88.20%,碘盐合格率为97.73%,合格碘盐食用率为86.2%。不同年份间比较差异无统计学意义,χ^(2)=13.206,P=0.105。各社区孕妇食用盐中盐碘中位数分别为30.7、22.5、29.0、31.1和23.2 mg/kg,不同社区间比较差异无统计学意义,χ^(2)=10.291,P=0.245。食用合格碘盐的孕妇尿碘中位数为163.7 mg/kg,碘营养不足的样本占食用合格碘盐样本数的42.0%,碘营养适宜占49.0%,碘营养超过适宜占8.6%,碘营养过量占0.5%。食用非合格碘盐的孕妇尿碘中位数为133.9 mg/kg,碘营养不足的样本占食用非合格碘盐样本数的62.3%,碘营养适宜占14.5%,碘营养超过适宜的占17.4%,碘营养过量占5.8%。食用合格碘盐和非合格碘盐的孕妇尿碘水平比较差异有统计学意义,χ^(2)=38.575,P<0.001。结论青岛市沿海城区孕妇尿碘水平总体偏低,选择食用非碘盐孕妇较多,不能达到碘缺乏病消除标准,应加强宣传力度,增强孕妇对补碘重要性的认识,指导孕妇科学补碘。
Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in the coastal areas of Qingdao,so as to provide evidence for scientific iodine supplement and prevention of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods Five communities(Eight Gorges Community,Badaguan community,Hong Kong Middle Road Community,Zhuhai Road Community and Xianyou Road Community)were selected in the coastal city of Qingdao for five consecutive years from 2016 to 2020.20 pregnant women were randomly selected from a list of pregnant women in five communities,their urine and salt samples were collected and analyzed by Excel and SPSS 18.0 software.Results A total of 500 urine samples were collected from pregnant women in the past five years.The median of urine iodine was 153.9μg/l.Those with iodine deficiency accounted for 44.8%of the total,44.2%were suitable in iodine nutrition,9.8%exceeded the appropriate level in iodine nutrition and 1.2%were excessive in iodine nutrition.The differences between different years were statistically significant(χ^(2)=39.335,P<0.001).The median urinary iodine levels were 163.0μg/l,148.1μg/l,159.3μg/l,147.5μg/l and 150.4μg/l in the Eight Gorges,Badaguan,Hong Kong Middle Road,Zhuhai Road and Xianyou road communities,respectively,there was no significant difference between different communities(χ^(2)=8.462,P=0.748).500samples of salt were collected from the pregnant women’s homes,the median of salt iodine was 27.3mg/kg.Among them,431samples were qualified iodized salt,10unqualified iodized salt,59non-iodized salt.The rate of non-iodized salt was 11.8%,the coverage rate of iodized salt was 88.20%,the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.73%,and the qualified iodized salt was 86.2%.There was no significant difference among different years(χ^(2)=13.206,P=0.105).The median of salt iodine in pregnant women in different communities was 30.7mg/kg,22.5mg/kg,29.0mg/kg,31.1mg/kg and 23.2mg/kg,respectively.There was no significant difference between different communities(χ^(2)=10.291,P=0.245).The median amount of urinary iodine in pregnant women who ate qualified iodized salt was 163.7mg/kg,the proportion of iodine deficiency was 42.0%,the proportion of iodine suitability was 49.0%,the proportion of iodine excess was 8.6%,and the proportion of iodine excess was 0.5%.The median amount of urinary iodine in pregnant women who ate unqualified iodized salt was 133.9mg/kg,the proportion of iodine deficiency was 62.3%,the proportion of proper iodine nutrition was 14.5%,and the proportion of excess iodine nutrition was 17.4%,and the proportion of iodine excess was 5.8%.There was significant difference in urine iodine level between the pregnant women who ate qualified iodized salt and those who did not(χ^(2)=38.575,P<0.001).Conclusions The urinary iodine level of pregnant women in the coastal areas of Qingdao is generally low,and more pregnant women choose non-iodized salt,which can not reach the standard of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.Therefore,the propaganda should be strengthened to increase the pregnant women’s awareness of the importance of iodine supplementation and to guide the scientific iodine supplementation of pregnant women.
作者
史明
于维森
李志涛
董军华
SHI Ming;YU Wei-sen;LI Zhi-tao;DONG Jun-hua(Infectious Diseases Division,Southern District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao 266072,China;Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao 266033,China)
出处
《社区医学杂志》
CAS
2022年第4期181-185,共5页
Journal Of Community Medicine
关键词
孕妇
尿碘
盐碘
营养调查
pregnant women
urinary iodine
salt iodine
nutritional survey
