摘要
国家同意是人道主义援助国际法律制度中最具争议的话题之一。对武装冲突中人道主义援助国家同意问题的讨论,从实证角度包括相关规则的解释争议、发展动向以及对中国的启示等方面。无论武装冲突的性质为何,人道主义援助的开展应当获得有关国家的同意。除占领情形外,有关国家不负有同意援助的一般性义务。近年来,武装冲突中人道主义援助国家同意问题的发展动向总体上是在保护受援国主权与保障平民居民生存需求之间寻求平衡,而在具体层面上表现为在肯定国家同意必要性的同时,对国家拒绝援助的权利施加限制,以及安理会采取更多具有强制性的措施开展援助。基于此,中国可从维护主权和国家同意在这一法律制度中地位的角度,就自身有关立场开展兼顾主权和人道精神的阐释,并加强国内立法建设和学术研究。
State consent has been one of the most contentious legal issues in the realm of humanitarian assistance. From a positivist perspective, discussions of State consent to humanitarian assistance in armed conflict involve aspects such as the interpretative controversies and developing trends of relevant rules, and their inspirations to China. The conduct of humanitarian assistance must be subject to the consent of States concerned, irrespective of the nature of the armed conflict. Except for the situation of occupation, States concerned are not obliged in general to consent to humanitarian assistance. In recent years, the development of the issue of State consent to humanitarian assistance in armed conflict has exhibited a general trend of balancing the protection of the sovereignty of the recipient State and the assurance of the survival of the civilian population. Specifically, while the necessity of State consent is affirmed, the right of States to withhold consent to humanitarian assistance has been restricted;the Security Council has also been taking more coercive measures to carry out assistance. Accordingly, China may defend from a legal angle the role of sovereignty and State consent in this legal regime, elucidate its impugned positions in consideration of the balance between sovereign interests and humanitarian spirit, and enhance domestic law and academic research.
出处
《国际法研究》
CSSCI
2021年第1期72-89,共18页
Chinese Review of International Law
基金
教育部国家留学基金委“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”(项目编号:201807720079)的阶段性成果
关键词
人道主义援助
国家同意
武装冲突
红十字国际委员会
安理会
Humanitarian Assistance
State Consent
Armed Conflict
International Committee of the Red Cross
Security Council
