摘要
在中西文明交流史上,西方最早论及中国哲学的,首推意大利籍耶稣会士利玛窦。利玛窦在16世纪末(1583),是第一位踏上中国领土、深入内地传布基督宗教的传教士。他以拉丁文翻译《四书》,将中国经典与思想传入欧洲,建立传教士著书立说、翻译中国经典的传统。在《天主实义》中,他肯定中国经典(如《诗经》和《尚书》)中的“天”与“上帝”,和基督教的“神”(God,Deus)并无不同,儒教和基督教是兼容的,但不赞成理学家以“太极”和“理”等同于“神”和“天主”的看法。可以说利玛窦对中国哲学里的原始儒家,评价要高于新儒家,且对理学多有批评。继利玛窦之后,莱布尼兹是欧洲第一位最具中国知识的哲学家。他全盘接受了新儒家“理”与“气”的概念。两位如此杰出睿智的欧洲思想家,对于中国哲学皆满怀善意,却有相近又不同的看法,是何缘故?本文拟就原始儒家的观点,就此一课题进行跨哲学研究,以深度了解这中西哲学交流史上的宝贵一页。
In the history of exchanges between Chinese and Western civilizations,the first Westerner to address Chinese philosophy to Europe was Matteo Ricci,a founder of the Catholic missions in China.At the end of the 16^(th)century(1583),Matteo Ricci was the first missionary to set foot on Chinese territory and spread Christianity deep into the interior.He translated the Four Books in Latin,introduced Chinese classics and ideas to Europe,and established the tradition of missionaries writing books and translating Chinese classics.In the True Meaning of God,he affirmed that“Heaven”in Chinese classics(such as the Book of Songs and the Book of Shangshu)is not different from the Christian“God”and that Confucianism and Christianity are compatible,but he disagreed with the neo-Confucianist view that“tai chi”and“li”are equivalent to“God”and“Deus”.It can be said that Matteo Ricc's evaluation of the original Confucianism in Chinese philosophy is higher than that of the new Conf ucianism,and he is more critical of neo Confucianism.After Matteo Ricci,Leibniz is the first European philosopher with the most knowledge of China.He fully accepted the neo Confucian concepts of li and qi.How is it that two such brilliant and wise European thinkers,both well-intentioned for Chinese philosophy,have similar but different views?This paper intends to conduct a cross-phi losophical study on this subject from the point of view of original Confucianism in order to deeply understand this valuable page in the history of Sino-Western philosophical exchange.
出处
《思想与文化》
2023年第2期129-165,共37页
Thought & Culture
关键词
利玛窦
莱布尼兹
原始儒家
新儒家
理气
Matteo Ricci
Leibniz
original Confucianism
neo Confucian
li and qi
