摘要
雍正朝无全国性反叛活动,但约有百起奏报到皇帝的聚众抗争事件。这些聚众抗争事件基本为反抗官府,主要与钱粮问题相关切。反横征暴敛、滥派差役,维护地方和士人、兵丁、工商、官僚等阶层利益等诉求,抗议官府判决不公等,也是抗争事件的重要内容。聚众抗争形式主要有喧闹州县衙门、辱官、罢考、罢市、鸣锣、扯旗等,大多组织散弱,规模小,持续时间短。地方官员为免于问责,往往瞒报和从轻处理。皇帝和朝廷则严厉打压,雍正甚至还以个人意志法外加刑,但也有妥协退让方面,总体上是宽严相济,恩威并用。
There were no nationwide rebellions during the Yongzheng Dynasty,but there were about a hundred mass protests reported to the emperor.These mass protests were protests against the government and were mainly concerned with the issue of taxes.The content of the struggle is very broad,including fighting against extortion and excessive dispatch of officers,safeguarding the local and interests of other classes such as scholars,soldiers,businessmen,and bureaucrats,and protesting against the unfair judgment of the government.The forms of mass resistance mainly include clamoring around local government offices,insulting officials,giving up examination,market strikes,and parades with gongs and flags.Most of them were weakly organized,small in scale,and short in duration.To avoid accountability,local officials often concealed reports and gave lenient treatment.The emperor and the court suppressed them severely.Emperor Y ongzheng even increased the punishment by his own will,but there were also compromises and concessions,he was generally a mixture of mercy and discipline.
出处
《中国社会历史评论》
2024年第1期234-261,335,共29页
Chinese Social History Review
关键词
雍正朝
聚众抗争
官民冲突
恩威并用
社会控制
the Yongzheng Reign
rally crowds to protest
conflict between the goverment and the people
employment of both kindness and severity
social control.
