摘要
债权人撤销权性质的请求权说与折衷说存在诉与诉讼标的割裂的问题。以实体法与程序法双重视角审视,我国法上的债权人撤销权属于形成权,债权人撤销权诉讼属于形成之诉。法院直接作出恢复原状判决是债权人撤销权具有的法律保护力的应有之意。实践中债权人撤销权诉讼的被告具有多样性。债务人与相对人共同诉讼属于类似必要共同诉讼,应当承认和保护债权人对被告的选择权。数个债权人对同一诈害行为都有撤销权的,一个债权人获得的判决效力不会向其他债权人扩张。债权人胜诉的判决表明,基于该诈害行为的纠纷已经解决,其他债权人不再有诉的利益。债务人与受益人主观恶意的认定适用表见证明和事实推定规则,采客观标准。被告可以用相反的证据动摇法官心证。债权人撤销权诉讼与第三人撤销之诉的交叉暴露出的立法漏洞,应通过增设第三人异议之诉和改造第三人撤销之诉来修补。
The claim-rights theory and the compromise theory of the nature of the creditor's right of revocation result in the separation of the action and the subject-matter.From the perspectives of substantive law and procedural law,the creditor's right of revocation in Chinese law belongs to the right of formation,and the action of the creditor's right of revocation belongs to the action of formation.The court would enter a restitution judgment directly,which reveals the force of law that the creditor's right of revocation should involve.In practice,there are a variety of defendants in the action of the creditor's right of revocation.The joint action between the debtor and the other party belongs to the similar necessary joint action,and the creditor's option against the defendant shall be recognized and protected.Where several creditors have rights to revoke the same fraud,the effect of the judgment obtained by one creditor will not expand to other creditors.A judgement in favor of a creditor shows that the dispute based on the fraud has been settled and other creditors no longer have the interest of litigation.The determination of subjective malice between the debtor and the beneficiary is governed by the rules of prima facie proof and factual presumption,and objective standards shall be adopted.The defendant may sway the judge's mental impressions with evidence to the contrary.The cross of the action of the creditor's right of revocation and the third party opposition procedure exposes a legislative loophole,which should be repaired by adding the third party action against execution and reforming the third party opposition procedure respectively.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期58-77,共20页
Law and Social Development
关键词
债权人撤销权
形成之诉
恢复原状判决
第三人撤销之诉
Creditor's Right of Revocation
Action of Formation
Restitution Judgment
Third Party Opposition Procedure
