摘要
《民法典》第1183条第1款以“严重”作为精神损害赔偿请求权成立的特殊限制条件。“严重”是具有价值开放性的不确定法律概念,裁判者需在明确其具体规范内容后,方可适用。具体规范内容作为“严重”要件的适用前提,应通过论证得到确立。《民法典》的既有规定和内在价值体系为论证提供了必要的价值基础,裁判者应将已明确的“优位价值”具体化为确定的适用前提。对于现有法律体系仍然开放之部分,应根据侵权法的功能,结合精神损害的典型特征,证成“严重”要件的具体规范内容。对此,应先形成评价特征确定的“裁判规则”,再以相对确定的价值结合案件事实,提炼出“适用类型”。被论证出的诸适用前提不仅应能够充分保护我国《民法典》所确定的人格权益,而且彼此之间应相互支持,与现有法秩序相互融贯,形成体系。
For the tort liability,Article 1183 Clause 1 of Civil Code stipulates the“serious mental distress”as the special restriction for the mental damage in torts compensation.“Serious mental distress”is an uncertain legal concept with open value,which can be applied only after the referee has clarified its specific normative content.As the applicable premise of“serious mental distress”elements,the specific normative content should be established through argument.First,the terms and intrinsic value of Civil Code provide the necessary basis of the argument,and the referee should concretize the clear“priority value”into a definite applicable premise.For the part of the existing legal system that is still open,we should justify the specific normative content of the“serious mental distress”element according to the function of tort law and the typical characteristics of mental damage.In this regard,we should first form the“judgment rules”determined by the evaluation characteristics,and then refine the“applicable types”with the relatively determined value combined with the facts of the case.The demonstrated applicable premises should not only fully protect the personal rights and interests determined in Civil Code,but also support each other and integrate with the existing legal order to form a system.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期136-153,共18页
Law and Social Development
基金
北京市社会科学基金青年项目“民法典中概括条款的识别与适用”(20FXC021)的阶段性成果
关键词
严重精神损害
价值开放性概念
规范内容的论证
融贯的法秩序
Serious Mental Distress
Value-open Concept
Argument of the Normative Contents
Coherence of the Legal Order
