摘要
随着高速铁路迅猛发展,西部山区长大及大规模隧道群数量增加,铁路隧道逐渐向城市和水下扩展,高速铁路列车速度快运量大,对列车的运营安全要求高,一旦发生灾害,应满足快速疏散和救援的要求,因此隧道内防灾疏散救援工程的合理设计对于高速铁路安全运行极为重要。结合理论分析、模型试验和数值模拟对高速铁路隧道内防灾疏散救援技术进行了分析,得到如下研究结果:明确了火灾和非火灾事故下单洞双线和双洞单线铁路隧道防灾疏散救援设计理念;明确了铁路隧道防灾疏散设施的结构形式,提出了隧道口紧急救援站、竖井式紧急出口、竖井式避难所、横通道和水底隧道纵向疏散廊道的结构形式及设计参数;明确了铁路隧道火灾事故下排烟量计算公式、各类防灾疏散设施的控烟方式、控烟标准和风机配置;提出了铁路隧道人员安全疏散时间控制标准,推导了基于行为模型和水力模型的人员疏散时间计算公式,给出了各类型列车在各类型防灾疏散设施内的最大超载人数。研究结果对于高速铁路隧道防灾疏散救援工程的设计具有参考和指导意义。
With the rapid development of high-speed railways,the number of long tunnel and large-scale tunnel groups in western mountainous regions has increased,and railway tunnels have gradually expanded to cities and underwater regions.High-speed trains with large traffic volume and high speed require high operational safety.Once disasters occur,the requirements of rapid evacuation and rescue should be met.Due to the requirements of evacuation and rescue,the rational design of the disaster prevention and evacuation rescue project within the tunnel is extremely important for the safe operation of the high-speed rail.The disaster prevention and evacuation rescue technology in high-speed railway tunnels was studied based on theoretical analysis,model test and numerical simulation.The following results were obtained.First,the design concept of disaster prevention and evacuation was clarified for single-hole double-track and double-hole single-track railway tunnels under fire and non-fire accidents.Second,the structural form of disaster prevention and evacuation facilities for railway tunnels was clarified.The structure and design parameters of longitudinal evacuation corridors at rescue stations,shaft emergency exits,shaft-type shelters,cross-aisle and underwater tunnels were put forward.Third,formulation of exhaust fume calculation formulas and various types of disaster prevention evacuation under fire accidents in railway tunnels facilities control methods,smoke control standards and fan configuration were given.Fourth,the safety evacuation time control standard for railway tunnel personnel was proposed,the calculation formula of evacuation time was deduced based on behavior model and hydraulic model,and the maximum overload number of each type of train in all types of disaster prevention and evacuation facilities were given.The research results could give reference and have guiding significance for the design of disaster prevention and evacuation rescue projects for highspeed railway tunnels.
作者
王明年
于丽
李琦
王旭
WANG Mingnian;YU Li;LI Qi;WANG Xu(School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering,Ministry of Education,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China;College of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning,Sichuan Agricultural University,Dujiangyan 611800,Sichuan,China)
出处
《隧道与地下工程灾害防治》
2019年第2期13-23,共11页
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51308472)
关键词
高速铁路隧道
防灾疏散救援
火灾规模
烟气控制
人员疏散
high-speed railway tunnels
disaster prevention and evacuation
fire scale
smoke control
evacuation
