摘要
中国境内分布着数千处古人类活动遗址,是早期人类演化与适应行为研究的重要区域。虽然以往的研究一直关注地学手段在解读遗址地貌和地层形成过程中的作用,然而,作为正确鉴别遗址完整性和早期人类生存行为研究的遗址形成过程(或遗址成因)分析,长期以来缺少系统性的研究和关键指标的选择。本文结合古人类活动遗址保存的地貌和主要沉积物类型,依据河湖相沉积、洞穴(岩厦、裂隙)发育区、黄土与红土分布区等类型中遗址的特点,回顾近10年来我国在该领域的研究进展。通过对不同分布区遗址的地貌和沉积特点的介绍,结合重要遗址的形成过程研究的进展,总结不同分布区遗址埋藏类型对研究视角与分析指标的选择差异。在上述基础上,作者对目前我国遗址成因研究现状、存在问题和未来研究方向进行讨论,为该领域研究提供参考信息。
Understanding site formation processes,an important approach being earliest used in the study on the field of archaeological geology or geoarchaeology,is crucial for interpreting the site integrity and adaptive behaviors adopted by early hominins.Two approaches include behavioral and natural scopes usually be adopted in the research field.Compare to the cultural parameters which human behavior is the main agency on the site formation processes,natural processes often affect the formation of Paleolithic sites and the spatial distribution of their archaeological remains.Natural agency usually includes flowing water which was recognized as a primary disturbing agent affecting artifact assemblages and their concentration.It is generally accepted that thousands of Paleolithic sites have been discovered in the past decades,which make China as the most important areas on studying early human evolution and behavioral patterns in the Old World.However,the approaches on the study of site formation processes have not got enough attention in Chinese paleoanthropological research for a long time.For example,lack of the crucial parameter adoption hinders the integrated research on the site formation processes.In the last ten years,the integration of site formation processes inquiry into Paleolithic studies has revolutionized the way archaeologists explain hominin behavior from material remains in Chinese Paleoanthropological research.This paper starts with the main sedimentary context of site distributed,which classify the sites into four depositional types such as:fluvio-lacustrine basin,karstic(cave,rock shelter and fissure)area,loess distribution area,and red clay distribution area.After explanation on the sedimentary features of different depositional context which sites buried,main research advancement was reviewed by the author.It should be noted that those research progress on the site formation processes in China are most focus on the natural processes especially evaluate the post-depositional degree of fluvial sedimentary processes impact on the formation of Paleolithic sites and on the integrity of stone artifact assemblages.The main reason why few studies focus on the behavioral agency affect the site formation can be attributed to the difficult of ecological works generalization,cultural features interpretation,and even the sophisticated theory mode selection.In a word,it is a necessity to enhance the crucial parameters selection from different sedimentary context,multi-discipline cooperation,international collaboration,also the new approaches such as GIS technique,archaeological remain refitted,spatial analysis,and experimental approach in the study on the site formation processes in the near future.
作者
裴树文
PEI Shuwen(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing 100044)
出处
《人类学学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期349-362,共14页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41872029)
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB26000000)
关键词
古人类活动
遗址沉积类型
遗址形成过程
进展与思考
中国
Human occupation
Sedimentary context of site
Site formation processes
Progress and consideration
China
