摘要
头面部特征是人类学各人种进行分类的重要依据,在人类学的研究中被用作亲缘关系的证据。2006-2016年在四川、云南、西藏、贵州、海南、新疆、内蒙古共调查14个族群成人2989人(男性1434人,女性1555人)的16项头面部指标,比较这些族群头面部特征差异。研究结果如下:1)在男性族群中木雅人、尔苏人、临高人、白马人的面宽、头宽均较大。图瓦人、布里亚特人、摩梭人的面宽、头宽、形态面高、鼻高值均较大。僜人、革家人、莽人的面宽、头宽较小,而形态面高、鼻高值较大。空格人的面宽、头宽、形态面高、鼻高值均较小。2)在女性族群中图瓦人、布里亚特人的头宽、面宽、鼻高、耳上头高均较大。革家人、空格人的头宽、面宽、鼻高、耳上头高均较小。木雅人、尔苏人、八甲人、白马人、夏尔巴人的头宽、面宽较大,鼻高、耳上头高较小。僜人、克木人、莽人的头宽、面宽较小,而鼻高、耳上头高较大。3)头宽、容貌耳长跟纬度、年平均气温、年降雨量等环境因子相关性较高。4)通过聚类分析和主成分分析木雅人、尔苏人、白马人与羌族头面部特征比较接近。克木人与佤族头面部特征最为接近。革家人、僜人、莽人头面部特征比较接近。图瓦人、布里亚特人头面部特征与蒙古族比较接近。
Head and face characteristics are important for the classification of human races,and are also used as evidence of kinship in anthropological studies.In this research,16 head and face characteristics of 2,989 adults(1,434 males and 1,555 females)for 14 ethnic groups were investigated in ethnic groups of Sichuan,Yunnan,Tibet,Guizhou,Hainan,Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia between 2006 and 2016.Results of this study are as follows.In the ethnic groups Muya,Ersu,Lingao and Baima,males had larger facial and head breadths.Tuva,Buryat and Mosuo males were larger in facial and head breadths,morphological facial height and nasal height.Facial and head breadths of Deng,Gejia and Mang males were small,but morphological facial height and nasal height were large.Kongge males had small facial and head breadth,morphological facial height and nasal height.For females,the Tuva and Buryat ethnic groups had large head and facial breadths,nasal height and auricular height.Gejia and Kongge females had small head and facial breadths,nasal height and auricular height.Head and facial breadths of Muya,Ersu,Bajia,Baima and Sherpa females were large,whereas nasal height and auricular height were small.Head and facial breadths of Deng,Khmus and Mang females were small,but nasal height and auricular height were large.It was noted that head breadth and physiognomic ear length were highly correlated with environmental factors such as latitude,annual average temperature and annual rainfall.Through statistical cluster analysis and principal component analysis,it was recognized that head and face characteristics of Muya,Ersu,Baima and Qiang are relatively similar,and that the head and face characteristics of Khmus and Va were relatively close.The Tuva,Buryats and Mongol have the closest head and face characteristics.
作者
张兴华
宇克莉
郑连斌
ZHANG Xinghua;YU Keli;ZHENG Lianbin(College of Life Sciences,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387)
出处
《人类学学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期226-238,共13页
Acta Anthropologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目资助(31401022,31271283,31671245)
关键词
特殊旁系族群
头面部
主成分分析
聚类分析
Offshoot ethnic groups
Head and face
Principal component
Cluster
