摘要
本文基于以下两点认识:1)“了”研究纷繁复杂的关键原因可能在于将“了”的本质意义与句法和语篇环境交织在一起,而难以解析出“了”的本质语法意义;2)“了”表达“过去”,但在认知识解的作用下“过去”可解析出三个不同维度:“认知推理的过去”、“认识(想象)中的过去”和“共时化的过去”,因而“了”是一个集时体和情态意义于一体的多功能语法标记。“了”与句法语篇环境互动表达事件的内在时间,与时间参照点互动,形成不同纬度的过去,有效解释各种“特例”用法。“了”的情态意义来源于时间本身的情态属性。文章提出的汉语时体标记模式能有效解释“了”的完句和分类等难点问题。“了”三位一体更有利于实现理论解释的经济性,为语言教学提供便利。
This paper holds that the key reason for the complexity of the study of le may lie in its intricate relationship with the syntactic and discourse environment,which leads to the difficulty of distinguishing its proper meaning from the interactive meaning with the context,and that the“past”expressed by le can be construed into three different senses:“the inferred past”,“the conceived past”and“the synchronized past”.Hence,le is a multifunctional grammatical marker integrating tense,aspect and modality.This paper further argues that le expresses the internal time of events(aspect)through interaction with the syntactic and discourse environment,and the external time relationship(tense)of the event through interaction with temporal reference points into different“pasts”,which can effectively account for those various“exceptional uses”.The modality of le comes from temporality itself as a modality species.Besides,the tense and aspect marking model in Mandarin Chinese adopted in this paper can effectively explain such puzzles as sentence completion and categorization of le,etc.The unified account of the multifunctionality of tense⁃aspect⁃modality of le contributes to the economy of theoretical explanation and has important implications for language teaching.
作者
刘正光
施卓廷
张紫烟
LIU Zhengguang;SHI Zhuoting;ZHANG Ziyan(School of Foreign Languages,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;School of Humanities and Foreign Languages,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)
出处
《外国语》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第6期45-56,共12页
Journal of Foreign Languages
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“时空认知差异下的汉英句法语义关系对比研究”(19AYY012)
湖南省哲学社会科学基金“学术湖南”精品项目“基于汉英对比的汉语‘时空同态’研究”(湘社科办[2021]2号)。
关键词
识解
时间维度
“了”
三位一体
construal
temporal dimensionality
Le
multifunctionality of tense⁃aspect⁃modality
