摘要
针对玉米中后期封行后高地隙植保机难以下田、传统植保无人机雾滴穿透性差导致病虫害难以防控等问题,本文将脉冲烟雾机的热力雾化和低量喷雾技术与高效率的植保无人机进行结合,提出了植保无人机搭载热雾喷施系统的植保作业方案,设计了热雾喷施管路与遥控作业系统,并开展了灌浆期玉米植保作业试验。以清水代替农药进行喷雾作业,在试验区域设置水平和垂直采样点,通过水敏试纸收集沉积在各采样点的雾滴,并利用雾滴分析软件测出热雾植保无人机雾滴在不同采样区域的沉积分布结果。试验结果表明:喷雾区域采样范围-2~6 m的雾滴粒径和雾滴密度分布差异较为明显,在距喷口0~2 m水平位置雾滴较为集中,垂直方向玉米冠层至底层的雾滴粒径和密度依次减小,整个采样区域内雾滴密度均超过20个/cm^(2)。雾滴覆盖率和沉积量总体变化趋势一致,其中,距喷口前方1 m位置各垂直采样层叶片正面的雾滴覆盖率均取到最大值,从上层到地表依次为18.02%、13.48%、4.37%和2.11%,冠层叶片正面雾滴沉积量在此区域也达到最大值,为0.36μL/cm^(2),整体上叶片正面的雾滴覆盖率和雾滴沉积量均大于同位置叶片反面数值。此外,除少数采样点位置因雾滴重叠、黏连导致雾滴谱宽度大于2μm以外,其他采样点的数据均符合低容量喷洒条件下雾滴谱宽度小于等于2.0μm的技术指标。该研究可为热雾植保无人机在玉米等高秆作物中后期植保作业的参数优化和使用提供参考依据。
In view of the problem that it is difficult for high-gap plant protection machines to enter the field in the middle and late period of maize, and the poor penetration of droplets by traditional plant protection UAV makes it difficult to prevent and control pests and diseases, combining the thermal atomization and low-volume spraying technology of pulse smoke machine with high-efficiency plant protection UAV, a plant protection operation scheme of UAV equipped with thermal fog spraying system was proposed. The thermal spray pipeline and remote control system were designed, and the spraying operation experiment of maize plant protection during grain filling period was carried out. Spraying operations were carried out with water instead of pesticides. Horizontal and vertical sampling points were set up in the test area. Droplets deposited at each sampling point were collected by water-sensitive test paper, and the deposition distribution results of thermal fog plant protection UAV droplets in different sampling areas were measured by the droplet analysis software. The results showed that there were obvious differences in droplet size and droplet density distribution in the spray area from-2 m to 6 m, and the droplets were more concentrated at the horizontal position of 0~2 m from the nozzle. The droplet size and density from the corn canopy to the bottom layer in the vertical direction was decreased in turn, and the droplet density in the whole sampling area exceeded 20 cm^(-2). The droplet coverage and deposition parameters were consistent with the overall trend. The droplet coverage rate of each vertical sampling layer at 1 m from the front of the nozzle was the maximum, which was 18.02%, 13.48%, 4.37% and 2.11% from the corn canopy to the bottom layer, respectively. The droplet deposition amount on the front of leaves in the canopy also reached the maximum value of 0.36 μL/cm^(2) in this area. In the whole, the droplet coverage rate and droplet deposition amount on the front of leaves were higher than those on the opposite side of leaves at the same position. In addition, except for a few sampling points where the droplet spectrum width was higher than 2 μm due to droplet overlap and adhesion, the data of other sampling points met the technical index of droplet spectrum width less than 2.0 μm under low-volume spraying conditions. The research result can provide a reference for the parameter optimization and correct use of the thermal fog plant protection UAV in the middle and late plant protection operations of high-stalk crops such as corn. The research can provide a reference for the parameter optimization and correct use of thermal fog plant protection UAV in the middle and late stage of plant protection operation of maize and other high stalk crops.
作者
刘立超
孙可可
张千伟
陈黎卿
程备久
郑泉
LIU Lichao;SUN Keke;ZHANG Qianwei;CHEN Liqing;CHENG Beijiu;ZHENG Quan(School of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Institute of Artificial Intelligence,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center,Hefei 230036,China;School of Life Science,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期80-88,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
安徽省自然科学基金项目(1908085MC91)
安徽省高校合作协同攻关项目(GXXT-2020-011)
安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2020A0105)
关键词
玉米
热雾植保无人机
雾滴
沉积分布
maize
thermal fog plant protection UAV
droplet
deposition distribution
