摘要
针对华北一年两熟区玉米根茬地小麦免耕播种机作业时存在开沟器易堵塞、通过性差等问题,提出精准对行避茬的方法,设计一种小麦免耕播种机双导轨滑移式调偏系统。通过理论分析构建调偏横移机构的下悬挂臂力矩平衡、偏移距离及液压缸受力平衡方程,确定影响调偏横移机构提升性能与调偏性能的关键因素。调偏控制系统运用临界比例度法对PID控制进行参数整定,通过土槽试验平台对调偏控制系统的性能进行验证,超调量全部小于5%,平均响应稳态误差小于3 mm,移动响应时间为2.8 s。田间试验结果表明,当行间秸秆覆盖量、作业速度逐渐增大时,小麦免耕播种机的纵向调整距离和播种均匀性变异系数随之逐渐增大,避茬率逐渐减小,即当免耕播种机作业速度小于等于1.4 m/s,行间秸秆覆盖量小于等于1.5 kg/m2时,避茬率大于等于90%,纵向调整距离小于等于2.5 m,小麦播种均匀性变异系数小于等于26.75%,可满足小麦免耕播种机的调偏作业要求。
Aiming at the problems of easy clogging and poor passivity of the furrow opener in the operation of wheat no-till planter in annual maturing area of corn in North China,the method of precise stubble avoidance on the rows was proposed,and a wheat no-till seeder double guide sliding type deflection adjusting system was designed.Through theoretical analysis,the equations of lower suspension arm moment balance,offset distance and hydraulic cylinder force balance of the deflection traverse mechanism were constructed,and the key factors affecting the lifting performance and deflection performance of the deflection traverse mechanism were determined.The performance of the deflection control system was verified by using the critical proportionality method to adjust the parameters of PID control,and the overshoot amount was less than 5%,the average response steady-state error was less than 3 mm,and the moving response time was 2.8 s.The field test results showed that when the amount of straw cover between rows and the operating speed were gradually increased,the longitudinal adjustment distance of the wheat no-till planter and the operating speed of no-till planter was less than or equal to 1.4 m/s and the straw cover between rows was less than or equal to 1.5 kg/m~2,the stubble avoidance rate was greater than or equal to 90%,the longitudinal adjustment distance was less than or equal to 2.5 m,and the coefficient of variation of wheat sowing uniformity was less than or equal to 26.75%,which can meet the requirements of no-till planter for adjusting deflection operation.It can meet the requirements of wheat no-till planter and provide reference for the design of precise stubble avoidance device for wheat no-till seeding.
作者
张振国
郭全峰
何进
李洪文
王庆杰
曾超
ZHANG Zhenguo;GUO Quanfeng;HE Jin;LI Hongwen;WANG Qingjie;ZENG Chao(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期59-69,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31971803)
关键词
玉米茬地
免耕播种
双导轨调偏装置
PID控制
田间试验
corn stubble field
no-till sowing
double guide deflection device
PID control
field test
