摘要
畜禽粪污治理对促进乡村生态宜居和畜牧业高质量发展意义重大。为厘清畜禽粪污治理运行机理,本文将畜禽粪污治理模式分为一体化、就近还田和集中处理多种模式,对11个省市、611位养殖户、549位种植户及18个案例的126名主要利益主体开展调研,首次将调研对象覆盖到主要模式类型和全链条参与主体,系统剖析不同治理模式实践情况。研究发现,3种模式各有利弊,适用条件也不尽相同。一体化能实现产权明晰、便于监管但维持内部种养动态平衡难度较大,适用于易获取农地地区;就近还田可实现短距离小范围消纳,工艺简单易操作,但易受种养两业多方因素影响,且难保质量,适用于施用有机肥意愿较高、财政实力较弱的地区;集中处理可降低养殖户成本、保障资源化产品质量、短时间内实现生态效益,但对政府治理能力和项目主体经济实力要求较高,适用于粪源稳定量多、项目主体运营能力和经济实力较高、地方政府治理能力和财政实力较高、种植户施用意愿较强、社会化服务体系较完善的区域。畜禽粪污治理模式实践应关注资源化产品质量、还田环境风险和有机肥施用市场培育,建议通过搭建闭环式监管链条、健全技术标准体系、加强补贴扶持力度、构建紧密利益联结机制来促使畜禽粪污治理向多元共治、全量化利用、经济高效适用和市场化运作方向转变。
The practice of livestock and poultry manure treatment mode is of great significance to promote the ecological livability of rural areas and the high-quality development of breeding industry.The author clarifies the operation mechanism of livestock and poultry manure pollution treatment,divides the treatment modes of livestock and poultry manure into integration,returning to the nearest and centralized treatment,investigating 11 provinces,611 farmers,549 growers and 126 main stakeholders from 18 cases,whose research objects covered to the main mode types and participants in the whole chain for the first time and systematically analyzes the practice of different governance modes.It is found that the three models have their own advantages and disadvantages,and their applicable conditions are not the same.The integration mode can achieve clear property rights and facilitate supervision,but it is more difficult to maintain the dynamic balance of internal planting and breeding,which is suitable for areas with easy access to agricultural land.The mode of returning to the nearest can achieve consumption in a short distance and a small range,which is simple and easy to operate,but it is easy to be affected by multiple factors of planting and breeding and it is difficult to guarantee the quality.Therefore,it is suitable for areas with high willingness to apply organic fertilizer and weak financial strength.Centralized treatment reduces the cost of farmers,ensures the quality of resource-based products,and achieve ecological benefits in a short time,which requires a higher level of governance ability and economic strength of the main body of the project.This model requires suitable conditions such as stable and abundant fecal source,high operational ability and economic strength of the main project body,full play of supporting and supervising functions of the government,strong application willingness of growers,perfect social service organization.The practice of livestock and poultry manure pollution treatment mode should pay attention to the quality of resource products,environmental risk of returning to field and the market cultivation of organic fertilizer application.The author suggested to promote the transformation of livestock and poultry manure pollution treatment to the direction of multiple co-treatment,complete quantitative utilization,economic,efficient and applicable,and market-oriented operation by building a closed-loop supervision chain,improving the technical standard system,strengthening subsidies and support,and building a close interest linkage mechanism.
作者
舒畅
刘增金
乔娟
SHU Chang;LIU Zengjin;QIAO Juan(Management Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Beijing,102208;Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai,201403;School of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing,100083)
出处
《农业农村部管理干部学院学报》
2022年第4期56-62,共7页
Journal of Agricultural Management Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rurial Affairs
基金
国家社科基金项目(18BGL169)
现代农业产业技术体系北京市生猪产业创新团队产业经济岗位项目阶段性成果(BAIC02)
关键词
畜禽粪污
治理模式
适用条件
livestock and poultry manure
treatment mode
applicability condition
