摘要
佛教传日以来,对日本政治、经济、思想等诸多领域产生过重大影响,但近世日本佛教却变得低调且安分,不再像古代那样影响着国家的意识形态,而是以檀那寺的形式,行使着受命于幕府的行政职能和百姓所需要的葬仪等佛教仪式的权利。随着佛教蜕变为世俗社会的行政管理单位,僧侣也出现规模化的群体堕落。近世佛教还受到来自儒学、国学和兰学家们的激烈批判,佛僧们虽曾展开反击,并与天主教展开论战,然而如是抵抗并没能使佛教于思想领域脱离尴尬的境地。虽然近世佛教各宗派在幕府体制下广兴檀林,并有中国僧人赴日开宗立派,为日本佛教思想增添了几分色彩,但总体而言,本应济世度人的佛教到近世蜕化为幕府监控百姓的“精神警察”,背离了佛教的社会宗旨,佛教对权力的顺从也预示了近代佛教的命运。这一切都证明了日本近世佛教的失格。
Since its spread to Japan,Buddhism had a significant impact on Japan's politics,economy,and ideology.However,in early modern times,Japanese Buddhism became low-key and stable.It no longer affects the country's ideology as it did in ancient times.The temples exercised the administrative functions assigned by the shogunate and kept the rights of Buddhist ceremonies such as funerals required by the common people.As Buddhism degenerates into the administrative management unit of the secular society,monks have also experienced a group degeneration.Early modern Buddhism received fierce criticism from Confucianism,Kokugaku scholar and Dutch scholar.Although Buddhists and monks have fought back and waged controversies with Catholicism,such resistance did not make Buddhism out of the awkward position in the field of thought.Although various sects of Buddhism in early modern times bloomed under the shogunate system,and Chinese monks went to Japan to establish sects,adding a bit of color to Japanese Buddhist thought.In general,Buddhism,which should save the world and save people,has degenerated into the"spiritual police"of the shogunate to monitor the people in early modern times,which deviates from the social purpose of Buddhism.Buddhism's obedience to power also heralds the fate of early modern Buddhism.All this proves the disqualification of Japanese early modern Buddhism.
出处
《南开日本研究》
2021年第1期364-382,共19页
Nankai Japan Studies
关键词
近世佛教
行政佛教
寺檀制度
堕落佛教
佛教兴学
黄檗宗
Early modern Buddhism
administrative Buddhism
temple system
degenerate Buddhism
Buddhism-initiated school
Obaku sect
