摘要
黄河流域中段是我国煤炭资源禀赋最为优异区域,也是重要的煤炭产区,煤炭高强度开采过程中产生了大量矿井水。由于井下采掘设备用油泄漏等导致矿井水普遍出现有机污染物超标,且污染物种类和特征不清楚,大大限制了矿井水的安全回用。为了查清矿井水中有机污染物特征和来源,本研究以黄河流域中段蒙陕接壤矿区15座煤矿为研究对象,在检测分析井下中央水仓矿井水常规理化指标基础上,利用TOC-VCPH分析仪、紫外分光光度计、三维荧光光谱仪等设备开展矿井水中溶解性有机质(DOM)检测,并采用平行因子法确定矿井水中DOM的组分特征,再结合主成分分析及相关性分析方法分析矿井水中DOM来源及影响因素。结果表明:悬浮物是研究区矿井水中的常规污染物,高浊度矿井水占比100%,超标倍数达到3.0~85.0倍;溶解性总固体(TDS)、氟化物和硝酸盐为研究区矿井水的特征污染物,其中水文地球化学垂向分带性导致深埋含水层中TDS浓度较高,氟化物以榆神矿区煤层埋深300 m左右的矿井最为显著,部分矿井水硝酸盐超标率达到20.0%~55.8%;平行因子分析法计算得到的15座煤矿矿井水研究区矿井水中主要出现了4类荧光组分,其中以类酪氨酸为代表的类蛋白物质是矿井水中DOM主要组分,对DOM整体贡献率达到63.0%~89.0%,其主要来源于井下乳化油泄漏产生的酚类、二氯苯、苯等芳香烃。三维荧光分析发现这15座煤矿矿井水具有相同的荧光指数特征:自生源指数(BIX)小于2.0(0.8~1.4)。腐殖化指数(HIX)小于4.0(0.6~2.5)、荧光强度(FI)大于1.0(1.5~2.2),表明研究区DOM普遍来源于类蛋白物质;通过主成分分析与相关性分析,进一步验证了井下油类污染物是该研究区矿井水DOM主要来源。基于平行因子分析法得到的矿井水中DOM标准三维荧光指纹图和荧光特征的研究,为黄河流域中段矿井水的安全可持续利用提供科学依据。
The middle section of the Yellow River Basin is a top area of coal resource endowment in China,and it is also an important coal production area.A large amount of mine water is produced in the process of high intensity coal mining.Due to the leakage of oil in underground mining equipment,some organic pollutants generally appear in mine water,and the types and characteristics of pollutants are not clear,which greatly limits the safe reuse of mine water.In order to find out the characteristics and sources of organic pollutants in mine water,this study took 15 coal mines in the middle part of the Yellow River basin bordering Mongolia and Shaanxi as research objects.On the basis of detecting and analyzing the conventional physicochemical indexes of mine water in the central underground water sump,the detection of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in mine water was conducted by using TOC-VCPH analyzer,UV spectrophotometer,3 D fluorescence spectrometer and other equipment.Using the parallel factor method,the component characteristics of DOM in mine water were determined,and then combined with principal component analysis and correlation analysis methods,the sources and influencing factors of DOM in mine water were analyzed.The results showed that the suspended solids were the conventional pollutants in mine water in the study area.High turbidity mine water accounted for 100%of the total dissolved solids(TDS),fluoride and nitrate were the characteristic pollutants in mine water in the study area,among which the hydrogeochemical vertical zonation led to higher TDS concentration in the deeply buried aquifer.Fluoride was most significant in the mines with coal seams buried at a depth of about 300 m in Yushen mining area,and the exceedance rate of nitrate in some mines is 20.0%-55.8%.Four types of fluorescent components appear in the mine water of 15 coal mines based on the calculation of parallel factor analysis.The protein-like substances represented by tyrosine are the main components of DOM in mine water,with an overall contribution rate of 63.0%-89.0%to DOM,which mainly comes from underground phenols,dichlorobenzene,benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons generated from emulsified oil leaks.Three-dimensional fluorescence analysis reveals that the mine water of these 15 coal mines has the same fluorescence index characteristics:autogenic index(BIX)less than 2.0(0.8-1.4),humification index(HIX)less than 4.0(0.6-2.5),and fluorescence intensity(FI)greater than 1.0(1.5-2.2),indicating that DOM in the study area generally originates from protein-like substances.The principal component analysis and correlation analysis further verify that the downhole oil contaminants are the main source of DOM in mine water in this study area.The standard three-dimensional fluorescence fingerprints and fluorescence characteristics of DOM in mine water obtained from this study based on parallel factor analysis provide a scientific basis for the safe and sustainable utilization of mine water in the middle section of the Yellow River basin.
作者
张溪彧
杨建
王皓
刘基
董兴玲
王甜甜
ZHANG Xiyu;YANG Jian;WANG Hao;LIU Ji;DONG Xingling;WANG Tiantian(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Xi’an Research Institute of CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Mine Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration in the Middle of Yellow River Basin,Xi’an 710054,China)
出处
《煤炭学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第S02期936-947,共12页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2021JQ-948)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42007179)
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501104)
关键词
黄河流域中段
矿井水
溶解性有机质
平行因子
主成分分析
the middle Yellow River Basin
mine water
dissolved organic matter
parallel factor
principal component analysis
