摘要
煤炭开采是破坏黄河流域煤矿区地表生态环境最强烈的人为活动,而水资源供需矛盾是制约煤矿区生态环境治理、绿色矿山建设的关键因素。为缓解煤炭开采对地下水资源及地表生态环境的影响,基于采动影响下含水层破坏机理,形成了近黄河流域煤炭开采的地下水保护思路,提出了黄河流域中上游煤-水协调开采的地下水原位保护技术,阐明了该技术以控制坚硬顶板不破断与充填体置换煤柱的思路而实现地下水原位保护的基本原理,介绍了地下水原位保护技术中加固煤柱的条带开采、留窄煤柱的置换煤柱充填开采2个技术步骤及优势。结合沿空留巷的围岩控制技术与充填开采的快速增阻强度,通过建立坚硬顶板破断力学模型,分析了加固煤柱的条带开采、留窄煤柱的置换煤柱充填开采的可行性。以近黄河流域的离柳矿区双柳煤矿为研究对象,分析确定了有效达到地下水原位保护的关键技术参数,如条带开采参数、煤柱旁充填宽度、充填置换煤柱时维持巷道稳定的窄煤柱留设宽度以及坚硬顶板不破断的最小充填率等,并基于条带开采煤柱剥离理论及其长期稳定性评价方法,分析表明该技术所留设煤柱及充填体具有长期稳定性,能有效保护含水层及地表生态环境。
Coal mining is the most intensive human activity that causes the damage of surface ecological environment in the coal mining area of the Yellow River Basin,and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is the key factor limiting the ecological environment governance and green mine construction in the coal mining area.In order to alleviate the impact of coal mining on groundwater resources and surface ecological environment,based on the damage mechanism of aquifer under the influence of mining,the groundwater protection idea of coal mining near the Yellow River Basin was formed.Also the in situ groundwater protection technology of coal water coordinated mining in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin was proposed.Its basic principle was expounded,i.e.controlling the hard roof not to break and replacing the coal pillar with backfilling body.Two technical steps(strip mining of reinforced coal pillar and backfill mining with retaining narrow coal pillar)and their advantages were introduced.Combined with the surrounding rock control technology of gob side entry retaining and the rapid resistance increasing strength of backfill mining,the feasibility of two technical steps was analyzed by establishing the hard roof fracture mechanical model.Taking the Shuangliu coalmine near the Yellow River Basin as the research object,the key technical parameters were analyzed and determined,such as the strip mining parameters,the backfill width beside the coal pillar,the reserved width of the narrow coal pillar,and the minimum backfill rate of the hard roof without breaking.Meanwhile,based on the strip mining pillar stripping theory and long-term stability evaluation method,it is concluded that the coal pillar and backfill body retained in this technology have long-term stability,which can effectively protect the aquifer and surface ecological environment.
作者
白二虎
郭文兵
张合兵
谭毅
郭明杰
BAI Erhu;GUO Wenbing;ZHANG Hebing;TAN Yi;GUO Mingjie(State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources in Western China,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,China;State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-efficiency Utilization,Jiaozuo 454003,China;School of Surveying and Mapping Land Information Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,China)
出处
《煤炭学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第S02期907-914,共8页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104127)
西部煤炭绿色安全开发国家重点实验室基金资助项目(SKLCRKF20-1)
河南省高校重点科研基金资助项目(21A440003)
关键词
保水开采
黄河流域中上游
煤-水协调
原位保护
煤柱稳定性
water-preserved mining
middle and upper reaches of Yellow River Basin
mining-conservation coordination
in situ protection
coal pillar stability
