摘要
为促进社会发展与绿色转型,早日实现碳达峰与碳中和,直接空气捕集(Direct Air Capture,DAC)作为一种负碳排放技术愈发受到学术界和产业界关注。DAC技术聚焦于大气及交通工具等分布源CO_(2)的捕集回收,可有效降低大气中CO_(2)浓度。目前DAC技术发展的挑战主要在于设备及运行成本高。因此,从DAC工艺概况、工艺关键模块及技术经济性分析3个方面开展研究。着重介绍了基于碱性溶液及固体吸附剂的2种DAC技术工艺流程和吸附材料,概述了电力/热能供应、CO_(2)吸收/解吸、CO_(2)压缩存储/输运等关键模块,对比了2种DAC工艺技术能耗与经济成本。基于碱性溶液吸收和固体吸附剂吸收的DAC技术每吨CO_(2)捕获能耗分别在2118~2790 kW·h及1400~2777 kW·h,每吨CO_(2)捕获成本分别为$200~600和$100~400。总体而言,基于固体吸附剂的DAC技术经济效益好、捕获成本低、应用潜力大。未来需进一步从吸附材料性能提升、关键核心过程强化、系统能量集成优化等3个方面进行研究,可望进一步降低DAC技术成本,从而为碳达峰与碳中和提供重要技术支撑。
In order to promote social development,green transformation and achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization,direct air capture(DAC),as a technology that can achieve net zero carbon emissions,has attracted more and more attention.DAC technology focuses on the capture and recovery of CO_(2) from distributed sources such as atmosphere and vehicles,which can effectively reduce the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration.At present,the challenge of DAC technology development mainly lies in the high cost of equipment and operation.Therefore,it is described from three aspects:DAC process overview,key process modules and technical and economic analysis.The process flow and adsorption materials of two DAC technologies based on alkaline solution and solid adsorbent are emphatically introduced,and the key modules such as power/heat supply,CO_(2) absorption/desorption,CO_(2) compression storage/transportation are summarized.The energy consumption and economic cost of the two DAC technologies are compared.It is found that the energy consumption per ton of CO_(2) capture of DAC technology based on alkaline solution absorption and solid adsorbent absorption is 2118-2790 kW·h and 1400-2777 kW·h respectively,and the cost per ton of CO_(2) capture is$200-600 and$100-400 respectively.In general,DAC technology based on solid absorption has good economic benefits,low capture cost and great application potential.In the future,further research should be carried out from the three aspects of adsorption material performance improvement,key core process strengthening and system energy integration optimization,which is expected to further reduce the cost of DAC technology,thus providing important technical support for carbon peak and carbon neutralization.
作者
王鼎
张杰
杨伯伦
吴志强
WANG Ding;ZHANG Jie;YANG Bolun;WU Zhiqiang(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification,Xi’an 710049,China)
出处
《煤炭科学技术》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第S01期215-221,共7页
Coal Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(22038011,51976168)
关键词
碳达峰碳中和
负碳排放技术
直接空气捕集二氧化碳
技术经济性分析
工艺分析
carbon peak carbon neutralization
negative carbon emission technology
direct air capture of carbon dioxide
technical and economic analysis
process analysis
