摘要
工匠故事是中外共享故事资源,以往我国民俗学在这方面研究的不足,在于把“讲故事”作为一个统一的概念去理解,忽略了其中有些故事研究的理论特殊性和民族文化特征,如青藏高原工匠故事。很多西方同行认为,工匠故事是贯穿着神秘“技术”的智慧故事和不会说话的哑人的技术活动,工匠依靠外来运气和“智慧”摆脱“困境”。但与此矛盾的是,中国的工匠故事不是简单的智慧故事,也不是仅仅依赖外来运气取得生产成就。中国的工匠故事综合地运用自然观、社会观和技术观,呈现天人合一的群体思想;由历代政府颁布合适的技术政策,以及工匠行业通过无数的辛勤劳动,获得大量的技术发明发现,形成丰富的民间叙事。以青藏高原工匠故事为例,结合内地故事分析,并进行历史典籍研究,可以看出,对这类故事,不能只进行社会史研究,还要开展文化史研究,要揭示其跨文化多民族文化史的价值。全球化以来,保护地球资源与公平公正地加以利用,成为人类社会的普遍呼声。工匠故事因涉及自然资源、技术资源和经济资源而被再度价值化。今人对这笔文化遗产要继承,提倡故事所传达的优秀人文精神,在现实社会中避免资源垄断、技术霸权和单边主义的倾向。
Craftsman folktales shared by China,India and the West as a cultural resource,but it's a pity that they have been lack of research by Chinese folklorists in the past in the aspect lied in understanding“folktale-telling”as a unified concept and ignores the special nature research for the theory of some kinds of folktales such as craftsmen's narratives.Many Western counterparts of folkloristics believe that the craftsman folktales are wisdom ones running through the craftsman who hold some mysterious"skill"and performed with a dumb wood puppet which could play technical activities to attract audience.Actually,the craftsmen have to get rid of"difficulties"and“solve difficulties”through lucky and wisdom send by outside.But in contradiction,craftsman folktales are not simple ones with wisdom,nor just rely on luck from out-side for achievements.The folktales of Chinese craftsmen comprehensively use the concept of nature,society and technology,presenting the group thought of nature and man.Successive governments have promulgated appropriate technical policies,and the craftsman industry has obtained a large number of technological inventions through numerous hard work,producing a rich folk narrative.Such folktales have not only been studied in the perspective of social history,but also of the cultural history,so as to reveal their cultural value of diversity.Since globalization,the protection of earth.resources and fair and just use have become a common call for human society.Crafts-man folktales are again valued for their natural,technical and economic resources.Today's people should inherit this cultural heritage,advocate the excellent humanistic spirit in the folktales,but also avoid the tendency of resource monopoly,technological.hegemony and unilateralism.
基金
教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“跨文化视野下的民俗文化研究”(批准号19JJD7500003)的阶段性成果
关键词
故事学
工匠故事
文化史研究
自然资源
技术资源
人文精神
the theory of folktale study
craftsman folktales
research on cultural history
natural resources
technical resources
the spirit of humanity
