摘要
章太炎以《新方言》沟通古代文献雅言和方俗口语时,不但承继前代训诂成果,也加入其自身对古今词语意义引申规律的认识。解析《新方言》词义引申类型发现,状所引申、理性引申和以语法手段实现的引申均多有涉及,而状所引申恰是太炎先生率先提出来的。这不但说明现下通行的针对文献雅言的词义引申理论同样适用于方俗口语,同时也启示我们:建立完善的词义引申系统理论,首先要充分继承传统训诂学优秀成果,其次要从古今大量意义演变事实中归纳概括,此外别无他途。
Zhang Taiyan’s Xin Fangyan suggested the following rules of word extension on theory:things-shapes semantic extension,rational semantic extension and grammatical semantic extension,furthermore,Zhang Taiyan is the first person who put forward the theory of Zhuangsuo Yinshen(状所引申).We can draw the following conclusions from his interpretation of ancient documents languages and contemporary spoken languages:Firstly,his interpretation of terms not only based on inherit of tradition,but also based on Zhang Taiyan’s own comprehension of terms.Secondly,the present rules for the extension of lexical meaning not only suited for the words of literature,but also suited for the words of spoken languages of dialect.Thirdly,if we want to enrich the related theory of Chinese,we must induce a lot of facts in development of ancient and modern words.
关键词
章太炎
新方言
状所引申
理性引申
语法引申
理论贡献
Zhang Taiyan
Xin Fangyan
things-shapes semantic extension
rational semantic extension
grammatical semantic extension
theoretical contribution
