摘要
本源义滞留是指,在实词的词义发展过程中,其原初的语义特征会滞留在后起的引申义中,并制约着词语在引申义上的搭配限制。本文以同义词为观察范围,将本源义滞留概括为本义语义特征滞留、词源义滞留、复合词的造词理据滞留三种类型,证明本源义滞留是现代汉语同义词不同语义侧重与搭配倾向的重要致因。因此,将本源义滞留这一分析视角适当引入现代汉语同义词辨析,有助于精准聚焦同一义位的差异,合理解释同义词在组合关系上的语义选择限制,厘正以往同义词辨析的偏差。
Semantic persistence refers to a phenomenon that occurs during the semantic change of a lexical word,in which the original semantic feature stays in the later-derived meaning and regulates the collocational restrictions of the word on its derived meaning.The present study focuses on the phenomenon of semantic persistence in synonyms.We found that semantic persistence can be categorized into three types:the persistence of the original semantic feature,the persistence of the etymological meaning,and the persistence of the compound word formation motivation.The findings prove that semantic persistence is an important cause of why modern synonyms demonstrate different semantic emphases and collocational preferences.The findings also suggest that semantic persistence may play a significant role in modern Chinese synonym discrimination by pinpointing the differences of synonyms on the sememe level,explaining the syntagmatic restrictions of synonyms,and providing a diachronic explanatory parameter for the so-far inadequately discriminated synonyms.
关键词
同义词
语义滞留
语义特征
搭配限制
构词理据
synonym
semantic
persistenc
feature
collocational restriction
word-formation motivation
