摘要
近20年来,美国制造业的发展变化不能简单地被解释为"衰落",美国政客对就业和贸易逆差的关注更是掩盖了制造业结构性变化的事实:通过聚焦高端制造业,各行业不同程度的集散改变,创造新型就业岗位等方式维持了核心竞争力。美国制造业的结构性变化也带来一系列发展中的问题,美国政府的相关政策在实际运行中仍存在未预期、非合意的结果,成为制造业发展的"真困境":"美国创造"和"美国制造"间的"死亡谷"难跨越;发展高端制造业以维持技术优势竞争力与就业短期目标冲突难平衡;"要弹性"还是"求效率"难兼容;"大型跨国公司"和"中小企业"利益分化难兼顾。
In recent twenty years,the development of American manufacturing changes cannot be simply interpreted as“decline”,U.S.politicians are focusing on the trade deficit and employment,it hides the fact that of manufacturing structural change by high-end manufacturing,industry distribution of different level change,create a new type of employment and so on ways to maintain the core competitiveness.The structural change of the U.S.manufacturing industry also brings about a series of developing problems.The relevant policies of the U.S.government also have unexpected and undesirable results in the actual operation,which has become a“real dilemma”for the development of the manufacturing industry:the“valley of death”between“created in the U.S.”and“made in the U.S.”is hard to cross;It is difficult to balance the conflict between the development of high-end manufacturing industry to maintain the competitive edge of technology and the short-term goal of employment.“Flexibility”or“efficiency”is difficult to be compatible;The interests of“large multinational corporations”and“small and medium-sized enterprises”are divided.
出处
《美国问题研究》
2021年第2期65-80,222-223,共18页
Fudan American Review
关键词
美国制造业
美国制造业政策
发展困境
American manufacturing industry
American manufacturing policy
development dilemma
