摘要
从20世纪80年代至今,商会史研究经历了阶级分析、现代化以及“公共领域”与“市民社会”三种理论范式的洗礼,最终殊途同归为对国家与社会二元对立论的认同,将商会看作西方式的“资产阶级公共领域”,终将形成与国家对立的“市民社会”。商会在1949年后的完全国家化更加剧了这一认识。深陷这一理论陷阱的商会史研究,既无法持续产出具有足够说服力的理论成果,也无法为当代商会提供经验借鉴。但从实践出发可见,近代商会是在中国独特的高度集权的政府与简约主义的行政体系的悖论结合的制度框架下形成的“第三领域”,其中突出的半正式治理机制,体现的是国家与民间社会之间的紧密联结与互动互塑,绝非国家与社会的二元对立。联系近些年崛起的“商协会”可以发现,“第三领域”的半正式治理传统仍在悄然运作,对于商会的未来发展具有重要意义。
Since the 1980s,three paradigms have dominated the historical study of commercial associations-class analysis,modernization,and“public sphere”“/civil society”-but all three are imbued with and insist upon a binary opposition between state and society.These paradigms produce an understanding of commercial associations as part of a Western-style“bourgeois public sphere,”itself part of“civil society,”standing in opposition to the state.These misinterpretations were only strengthened by the complete state-ification of commercial associations in China after 1949.Studies of the history of commercial associations,trapped in this theoretical pitfall,cannot produce convincing historical research,even with abundant empirical data,nor can they provide experiential models for the development of contemporary commercial associations.Instead,if we focus on practice,we discover that modern commercial associations were part of a“third sphere,”an in-between space within the paradoxical institutional framework of China’s highly centralized government and minimalist administrative system.The semiformal governance mechanism operative within the“third sphere”reflected the close relationship and mutual shaping at work between the state and local society rather than a binary opposition between them.Applying these insights on the history of commercial associations to the practices of contemporary“commercial consultative associations”allows us to see that the semiformal administrative traditions embedded in the“third sphere”continue to quietly operate,which has immense significance for the future development of commercial associations in China.
作者
赵珊
Zhao Shan(School of Law,Tianjin University of Commerce)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期207-223,11,共18页
Open Times
关键词
商会
国家与社会
“第三领域”
半正式治理
商协会
commercial associations
state and society
“third sphere”
semi-formal governance
commercial consultative associations
