摘要
新中国成立之初,借助少数民族上层人士中的传统代表,新政权在各少数民族彼此认可的基础上实现了多民族共和。经过后来的民主改革与社会主义改造,国家逐渐培养了与人民有联系的少数民族干部,替代了之前的传统代表,培育了全国层面同质化的“中国人民”,进而在1953年开始的选举中,以全国性的人大代表取代了少数民族的传统代表并制定宪法。一届全国人大的召开和“五四宪法”的颁布,预示着“中国人民”作为制宪权主体从各民族群众中诞生,开启了新中国宪制的元叙事。“中国人民”概念背后存在着“一体多元”格局:人民的民族身份是多元因素,人民的政治法律身份是一体因素,这一法律身份的塑造离不开社会主义机制。在铸牢中华民族共同体意识的大背景下,描述“中国人民”政治生成的过程并发掘其理论意义,既能够为当下“中华民族”的讨论提供政治法律支撑,也有助于更好地理解20世纪的革命传统,从而理解共和国的社会主义性质。
Upon the founding of PRC,a multi-national republic was established on the basis of mutual recognition among Chinese ethnic minorities represented by their headmen.After the democratic reform and socialist transformation in 1950s,cadres with strong social network in the ethnic minorities were gradually cultivated in lieu of traditional ethnic representatives,and this eventually resulted in a homogeneous“Chinese people”at the national level.Furthermore,through elections initiated in 1953,deputies to the National People’s Congress replaced the traditional ethnic representatives to draw up the Constitution of 1954.The convening of the first National People’s Congress and the promulgation of the Constitution of 1954 symbolized the birth of the“Chinese people”as the constitutional subject from the masses of all ethnic groups,opening up a new narrative of the constitutional system of New China.The“Chinese people”is a diversified yet unified concept,with the ethnic identity being diversified and the political and legal identity being unified.The shaping of legal identity is the job of the socialist mechanism.Describing the political forming process of the“Chinese people”and exploring its theoretical significance while maintaining a strong sense of the Chinese national community can not only provide a political and legal support for the current discussion of the“Chinese nation”,but also contribute to a better understanding of the revolutionary tradition in the 20th century and the socialist nature of the PRC.
作者
邵六益
Shao Liuyi(Law School,Minzu University of China)
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第3期76-93,7,共19页
Open Times
基金
司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“民族地区复合型法治人才培养研究”(项目编号:22SFB5006)的阶段性成果
关键词
民族共和
社会主义
中国人民
制宪权
中华民族
national republic
socialism
the Chinese people
the right to draw up constitution
Chinese nation
