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黄土边坡坡面防护技术综述 被引量:6

Review on surface protection technologies of loess slope
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摘要 针对黄土裸露边坡水土流失严重的问题,总结了黄土边坡坡面防护技术的重要研究成果,梳理了坡面工程防护技术的发展历程,探讨了边坡植被防护技术的主要研究方向与不足,分析了固化黄土的抗剪强度、水稳特性等护坡性能与效果,展望了黄土边坡坡面防护技术未来的研究趋势。研究结果表明:坡面工程防护技术包括圬工防护技术、骨架结构防护技术、土工格室柔性防护技术等,发展历程为圬工作业逐渐精细化,含细分框格的新结构、新材料、新工艺不断涌现;边坡植被防护技术一般从植被天然护坡效应、植生措施、植物选取搭配开展研究与应用,但由于忽略黄土本身较强的水敏性与较差的土壤肥力,导致坡面植被后续生长乏力,无法单纯依靠植被本身进行坡面防护;不同固化材料处理条件下黄土的护坡性能与效果各有特点,尤其生物胶与纤维可在生态效应和长期稳定性方面起到积极协同作用,使得胶-筋固化黄土表现出优良的抗侵蚀效果和土水保持能力,具有较大的应用潜力和前景;明确工程结构、植被、固化黄土一体化的综合生态护坡技术是边坡防护工程发展的必然趋势,同时提出应将固化黄土防脱技术、生态材料修复技术、边坡防护安全生态监测系统、护坡时效性评估方法以及植物搭配景观设计等方面作为未来的重点研究方向。 To address the serious water and soil erosion on exposed loess slopes,some significant research achievements on the surface protection technologies of loess slope were concluded.The development process of slope engineering protection technologies was outlined.The research directions and shortcomings in slope vegetation protection technologies were discussed.Slope protection performances and effects,such as shear strength and water stability of solidified loess,were analyzed.The future trend of surface protection technologies of loess slope was prospected.Research results show that slope engineering protection technologies include masonry protection,skeleton structure protection,geocell flexible protection,etc.The development process can be described as the gradual refinement of masonry operations,including the emergence of new structures,materials,and technologies on subdivided grids.Slope vegetation protection technologies generally conducts research and application from natural slope protection effect of vegetation,vegetation measures,and plant selection and matching.But it neglects the strong water sensitivity and barren soil fertility of loess,which leads to poor subsequent growth of slope vegetation.Therefore,slope protection cannot rely solely on vegetation.Slope protection performance and effect of loess are different under different curing material treatment conditions.Especially,biopolymers and fiber can play a positive synergistic role in maintaining long-term stability and ecology.Biopolymer-fiber-reinforced loess thus shows excellent anti-erosion effect and soil-water retention ability,which has great application potential and prospect.It is clear that the integrated ecological slope protection technology integrating engineering structure,vegetation,and solidified loess is a foreseeable trend in slope protection engineering.In addition,five areas are taken as the key research directions,including anti-scouring technology of solidified loess,restoration technology of ecological material,safe ecological monitoring system of slope protection,aging evaluation method of slope protection,and landscape design of plant matching.
作者 晏长根 梁哲瑞 贾卓龙 兰恒星 石玉玲 杨万里 YAN Chang-gen;LIANG Zhe-rui;JIA Zhuo-long;LAN Heng-xing;SHI Yu-ling;YANG Wan-li(School of Highway,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,Shaanxi,China;School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Gansu Luqiao Highway Investment Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China)
出处 《交通运输工程学报》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2023年第4期1-22,共22页 Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering
基金 国家自然科学基金项目(42077265,41927806) 甘肃省交通运输厅科技项目(2021-19)
关键词 路基工程 黄土边坡 固化黄土 坡面防护技术 工程结构 植被 生态护坡技术 subgrade engineering loess slope reinforced loess slope surface protection technology engineering structure vegetation ecological slope protection
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